TiO2膜光催化降解4，4’-二溴联苯的研究

研究了负载于玻璃上的固定化催化剂TiO2膜光催化降解水中4,4’-二溴联苯（4,4’-DBB）的效果,考察了溶液pH值和4,4’-DBB初始浓度等对TiO2膜光催化降解4,4’-DBB的影响,探讨了降解机理。结果表明,TiO2膜光催化降解水中4,4’-DBB的效果良好,紫外光照射8h,初始浓度为4mg／L的4,4’-DBB的降解率高达94％,降解速率随着4,4’-DBB初始浓度的增大而下降。在溶液pH：1时,4,4’-DBB的降解效率最高。超声的加入使降解反应的速率加快。经拟合发现4,4’-DBB的降解符合拟一级反应规律,并推导出动力学方程。     

Dissipation gradients of phenanthrene and pyrene in the Rice rhizosphere

An experiment was conducted to reveal the effects of rice cultivation as well as polycyclic aromatic carbohydrates (PAHs) degrading bacterium (Acinetobacter sp.) on the dissipation gradients of two PAHs (PHE and PYR) in the rhizosphere. The results showed that the presence of rice root and bacteria significantly accelerated the dissipation rate of PHE and PYR. The root exudates contributed to the formation of dissipation gradients of PHE and PYR along the vertical direction of roots, with a higher dissipation rate in the rhizosphere and near rhizosphere zone than the soil far away the rhizosphere.     

基于DGT技术的广西碳酸盐岩区稻米镉含量主控因素

为探究广西碳酸盐岩区水稻在地质高背景下影响稻米Cd富集的主控因素,以广西西南部和北部碳酸盐岩区水稻籽粒-根系土壤样品为基础,同时结合梯度扩散薄膜技术(DGT),分析讨论了土壤pH、有机质(OM)、阳离子交换量(CEC)和DGT-Cd等与水稻籽粒ω(rice-Cd)-BCF值的关系,通过主成分分析确定主要因素并建立定量模...     

P123对rGO/m-TiO2薄膜微观结构及光催化性能的影响

以自制氧化石墨烯（GO）分散液和加入一定量三嵌段共聚物PEO₂₀-PPO₇₀-PEO₂₀（P123）模板剂的TiO₂前驱体溶胶为原料,用交替浸渍-提拉结合热处理和紫外灯辐照还原法在玻璃基底上制备还原氧化石墨烯/介孔TiO₂（rGO/m-TiO₂）多层膜.通过X-射线衍射（XRD）、拉曼光谱（Raman）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、比表面积（BET）对多层膜进行表征分析.研究了模板剂P123加入量对多层膜的晶体结构、比表面积、形貌、孔径分布情况、吸附性能、光催化性能的影响.分别在紫外光及太阳光下评价rGO/m-TiO₂多层膜对土霉素（OTC）的光催化降解效果;在紫外光条件下,研究了多层膜对OTC的光催化降解机理.结果表明：P123的引入不会引起TiO₂晶体结构的变化;适量P123的引入可以优化多层膜的孔结构,增大比表面积、提高其吸附性能,进而提高薄膜的光催化性能;rGO/TiO₂（5wt% P123）薄膜60min对OTC的吸附率达51.2%,紫外光照射135min,降解率达到90.9%;太阳光照射50min,降解率达到91.5%.在降解OTC过程中,羟基自由基（·OH）起主要作用,路径以与·OH相关的羟基化反应和仲羟基氧化反应为主.     

废旧农膜的回收再生利用技术

废旧农膜的回收利用是关系到农业可持续发展的重要课题。通过对废旧农膜回收利用的几种主要途径的原理和特点的分析，指出了目前我国农用塑料薄膜的回收利用应以回收再生利用为主要发展方向，进一步论述了农膜的再生利用技术方法和前景，试验结果表明：将废旧农膜再生成塑料颗粒或农膜是值得肯定的一种有利可图的方案。     

Effects of benthic hydraulics on sediment oxygen demand in a canyon-shaped deep drinking water reservoir: Experimental and modeling study

Sediment oxygen demand (SOD) is a major contributor to hypolimnetic oxygen depletion and the release of internal nutrient loading. By measuring the SOD in experimental chambers using in both dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion and diffusional oxygen transfer methods, a model of SOD for a sediment bed with water current-induced turbulence was presented. An experimental study was also performed using near-sediment vertical DO profiles and correlated hydraulic parameters stimulated using a computational fluid dynamics model to determine how turbulences and DO concentrations in the overlying water affects SOD and diffusive boundary layer thickness. The dependence of the oxygen transfer coefficient and diffusive boundary layer on hydraulic parameters was quantified, and the SOD was expressed as a function of the shear velocity and the bulk DO concentrations. Theoretical predictions were validated using microelectrode measurements in a series of laboratory experiments. This study found that flow over the sediment surface caused an increase in SOD, attributed to enhanced sediment oxygen uptake and reduced substances fluxes, i.e., for a constant maximum biological oxygen consumption rate, an increased current over the sediment could increase the SOD by 4.5 times compared to stagnant water. These results highlight the importance of considering current-induced SOD increases when designing and implementing aeration/artificial mixing strategies.     

Q235钢在模拟自然环境下失效行为的电化学研究

采用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和阴极极化曲线研究了Q235钢在薄液膜条件下的大气腐蚀过程,探讨了液膜厚度、Cl-和腐蚀产物对Q235钢失效过程的影响.结果表明液膜厚度会影响O2的扩散过程,并进一步影响腐蚀速率;C1～环境下,Q235钢腐蚀产物分成2层,外层为多孔疏松层,内层主要为α-FeOOH和γ -FeOOH组成的锈层,...     

黑臭河流沉积物磷、铁、硫的DGT同步分析研究

沉积物中磷(P)、铁(Fe)、硫(S)之间存在密切的耦合关系,但大部分研究并未提供直接的原位证据,需要借助高分辨的获取技术才能表征.为了探索三者之间的耦合关系,本文利用Zr O-Ag I DGT和Chelex DGT对东莞市黑臭河流沉积物中有效态P、Fe、S进行了高分辨分析.结果表明:应用DGT技术能够获得黑臭河流沉积物中有效态P、Fe、S的高分辨率浓度分布,并且实验结果可靠,有效地避免了主动采样方法和沉积物空间异质性对P、Fe、S同步分析的影响.各采样点沉积物中有效态P、S在垂向上的空间分布趋势基本相似,部分采样点出现有效态P、Fe、S同步变化的现象,同步获得的微界面浓度分布较好地反映了三者的耦合关系.对P、Fe、S在水-沉积物界面附近的含量分布进行相关性分析,结果表明三者之间具有显著正相关(p0.05),进一步证实了黑臭河流沉积物中也存在P、Fe、S同步释放的现象.大部分样点沉积物-水界面有效态P、Fe、S的扩散通量为正值,表现为由沉积物向上覆水释放P、Fe、S.沉积物中P、Fe、S的耦合释放表明其对黑臭的形成和内源磷释放至关重要.     

Removal of phenol by activated alumina bed in pulsed high-voltage electric field

A new process for removing the pollutants in aqueous solution-activated alumina bed in pulsed high-voltage electric field was investigated for the removal of phenol under different conditions. The experimental results indicated the increase in removal rate with increasing applied voltage, increasing pH value of the solution, aeration, and adding Fe^2＋. The removal rate of phenol could reach 72.1% when air aeration flow rate was 1200 ml/min, and 88.2% when 0.05 mmol/L Fe^2＋ was added into the solution under the conditions of applied voltage 25 kV, initial phenol concentration of 5 mg/L, and initial pH value 5.5. The addition of sodium carbonate reduced the phenol removal rate. In the pulsed high-voltage electric field, local discharge occurred at the surface of activated alumina, which promoted phenol degradation in the thin water film. At the same time, the space-time distribution of gas-liquid phases was more uniform and the contact areas of the activated species generated from the discharge and the pollutant molecules were much wider due to the effect of the activated alumina bed. The synthetical effects of the pulsed high-voltage electric field and the activated alumina particles accelerated phenol degradation.     

不同方法测定沉积物中生物可利用性磷对铜绿微囊藻生长量的影响

采用梯度扩散薄膜(DGT)技术,以太湖9个采样点所采集的27个沉积物柱样为研究对象,研究沉积物中DGT所测量的磷浓度(DGT-P)与铜绿微囊藻生长量之间的关系,同时与4种常规的生物可利用性磷方法[(水溶性磷(WSP)、易解析磷(RDP)、藻可利用磷(AAP)和NaHCO3提取磷(Olsen-P))]进行比较,评价不同提取方法获得的太湖沉积物生物可利用性磷与铜绿微囊藻生长量的关系.结果表明,DGT-P与藻生长量的相关系数为R2=0.941(P<0.01),高于4种生物可利用性磷提取法的相关系数(WSP,0.780、RDP,0.806、AAP,0.849、Olsen-P,0.910).结果表明DGT技术可以作为预测原位沉积物磷的生物可利用性的工具.