CO2/pH对三种藻生长及光合作用的影响

研究了在不同pH值和不同溶解性无机碳(DIC)浓度下太湖中惠氏微囊藻、四尾栅藻和菱形藻的生长和光合作用特征.研究表明, CO2/pH对3种藻的影响明显不同.惠氏微囊藻生长的最适pH值为8.0～9.0,pH7.0～9.0时具有较高的光合作用速率;四尾栅藻在偏酸性和偏碱性环境水体中均能较好生长,在本实验的pH值范围内均具有较高的光合作用速率;四尾栅藻在偏酸性和偏碱性环境水体中均能较好生长,在本实验的pH值范围内都具有较高的光合作用速率;菱形藻生长的最适pH值为7.0左右,在此pH值下光合作用速率也最高.惠氏微囊藻的K0.5(DIC)略小于四尾栅藻和菱形藻,表明对外源无机碳的亲合力要略大于四尾栅藻和菱形藻;但当DIC浓度达到饱和时,惠氏微囊藻和四尾栅藻的最大光合作用速率要远大于菱形藻.     

石灰湿法脱硫过程中pH条件对结垢的影响研究

针对石灰湿法脱硫中存在的结垢问题，在鼓泡床中模拟了石灰湿法脱硫过程，通过分析液相的组成，结合反应机理探讨了pH对结垢的影响。结果表明，当pH控制在6.0～4．0时，既能避免结垢，又能获得较高的脱硫率。提出了实际中预测结垢倾向的方法。     

DO和pH值在短程硝化中的作用

在SBR反应器中对DO和pH值在短程硝化和半亚硝化过程中的作用进行试验研究,结果表明,控制低DO和适宜的pH值在短程硝化过程中起着重要的作用.本试验条件下,当DO为0.5～1.0 mg/L、pH值为7.5～8.0时,在SBR反应器中很容易实现短程硝化;当DO＞0.3 mg/L时,DO越低,出水NO2--N积累率越高;当pH值＞6.8时,不会影响系统NO2--N积累的稳定性.另外,研究结果还表明,通过控制DO和pH值可以实现半亚硝化.本试验条件下,当进水氨氮浓度为120 mg/L时,控制DO为0.3～0.4 mg/L可实现出水半亚硝化;当进水氨氮浓度为200 mg/L时,控制DO为0.5～0.6 mg/L或pH值为6.8也可以实现出水半亚硝化.     

各种影响因子对电解法预处理医药废水的影响研究

探讨了电解法预处理医药废水时停留时间、电解电压、废水初始浓度、温度和废水pH值等影响因子对去除色度、COD和提高废水可生化性等处理效果的影响，并考察了其应用于工业实际废水处理的可行性。实验结果表明：电解法更适合高浓度医药废水的处理，色度的去除率可达到90％以上；电解时间宜控制在40-60min；电解电压越高，废水COD和色度去除效果越好；在实验温度范围内，温度对色度和COD去除率的影响不大；废水pH值为7．5时电解效果最佳，工程运用宜控制在6—9之间。     

以pH和ORP作为脉冲SBR工艺的实时控制参数

为了实现脉冲SBR深度脱氮的实时控制，以某污水处理厂市政污水为处理对象，考察了脉冲SBR在深度脱氮过程中pH及ORP的变化规律。试验结果表明，pH及ORP的变化规律与脉冲SBR有机物去除、硝化与反硝化过程存在较好的相关关系。可以根据pH和ORP变化曲线上的特征点对脉冲SBR进行实时控制。并考察了污水C／N（COD／NH4^＋-N）对pH及ORP的变化规律的影响。在硝化过程中，C／N对pH及ORP曲线变化点的出现没有影响；在反硝化过程中，应结合pH值“硝酸盐峰”和ORP“硝酸盐膝”来判断低C／N污水反硝化的终点。在该试验中，出水TN低于2mg／L，TN去除率可达到96％以上。     

H2O2 formation from photocatalytic processes at the ZnO/water interface

The paper focuses on the production of H2O2 by photocatalysis over ZnO in an aerated aqueous phase. The presence of different reductants that increase the H2O2 production in the aqueous phase is analysed; particular attention is paid to nitrite, which has been shown to be the reductant that produces the most significant increments in the H2O2 production. The photocatalytic anodic decomposition of ZnO in the presence of the different reductants is also investigated. From the results obtained, the relevance of the ZnO photocatalysis in the formation of environmental hydrogen peroxide is estimated.     

Performance and fouling mechanism of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) treating fermentation wastewater with high organic concentrations

In this study,direct contact membrane distillation(DCMD)was used for treating fermentation wastewater with high organic concentrations.DCMD performance characteristics including permeate flux,permeate water quality as well as membrane fouling were investigated systematically.Experimental results showed that,after 12 hr DCMD,the feed wastewater was concentrated by about a factor of 3.7 on a volumetric basis,with the permeate flux decreasing from the initial 8.7 L/m~2/hr to the final 4.3 L/m~2/hr due to membrane fouling;the protein concentration in the feed wastewater was increased by about 3.5 times and achieved a value of 6178 mg/L,which is suitable for reutilization.Although COD and TOC in permeate water increased continuously due to the transfer of volatile components from wastewater,organic rejection of over 95%was achieved in wastewater.GC–MS results suggested that the fermentation wastewater contained 128kinds of organics,in which 14 organics dominated.After 12 hr DCMD,not only volatile organics including trimethyl pyrazine,2-acetyl pyrrole,phenethyl alcohol and phenylacetic acid,but also non-volatile dibutyl phthalate was detected in permeate water due to membrane wetting.FT-IR and SEM–EDS results indicated that the deposits formed on the membrane inner surface mainly consisted of Ca,Mg,and amine,carboxylic acid and aromatic groups.The fouled membrane could be recovered,as most of the deposits could be removed using a HCl/Na OH chemical cleaning method.     

不同运行策略下厌氧氨氧化的脱氮性能

采用厌氧氨氧化反应器(ASBR)处理模拟生活污水,考察低基质比、降温方式及pH对系统脱氮性能的影响.结果表明,温度为30℃时,控制进水NO_2~--N浓度为(30±0.2)mg·L~(-1),基质比(NO_2~--N/NH_4~+-N)由0.9升至1.4,系统NH_4~+-N和NO_2~--N去除率均值分别从54.4%和65.3%升至95.8%和92.5%;当基质比继续升高至1.6时,NH_4~+-N去除率基本不变,而NO_2~--N去除率降至54.6%,即基质比接近理论值1.32时,其厌氧氨氧化脱氮性能较强.当反应温度一次性从30℃降低至15℃时,NH_4~+-N和NO_2~--N的去除率由97.5%和98.5%分别降至35.2%和40.1%,当采用阶梯式降温方式(30℃→25℃→20℃→15℃)时,NH_4~+-N和NO_2~--N的去除率分别由97.7%和98.6%逐渐降至52.7%和62.4%.控制NO_2~--N/NH_4~+-N为1.4,逐步升高pH由7.7至8.5时,NH_4~+-N和NO_2~--N的去除率先增大后减小,当pH为8.3时系统脱氮性能最佳.     

pH对污泥厌氧消化过程中抗生素降解迁移的影响

抗生素作为一种新型污染物,可随着城市污水厂中污泥的处理处置单元最终进入环境中,对人类健康造成潜在威胁.以城市污水厂的剩余污泥为研究对象,考察在不同初始p H(p H=5.5、6.5、7.5、8.5、9.5、10.5)条件下,12种抗生素在污泥厌氧消化过程中降解迁移的规律.结果显示,p H为7.5时,总抗生素去除率最高,为55.7%;p H为5.5时,总抗生素去除率最低,仅为21.7%.厌氧消化后,抗生素明显由固相向液相迁移,且总抗生素去除率与其固相迁移至液相的抗生素含量显著相关.     

pH对海绵铁过滤柱预处理染色废水的影响

通过滤柱考察了进水pH变化对海绵铁预处理染色废水的影响。研究结果表明,在pH为6、7、8、10时,过滤周期内脱色率都高于94%,出水pH大于7。与pH=6、7、8对比可知,在pH=10时,水头损失小,周期产水量高,出水含铁量低。海绵铁过滤柱活化后脱色率、周期产水量与活化前基本相同,出水pH比活化前低,出水铁含量相对较高。同时,通过扫描电镜图发现过滤柱内海绵铁腐蚀程度从上至下逐渐变小。