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101.
Davide Papurello Andrea Lanzini Pierluigi Leone Massimo Santarelli Silvia Silvestri 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(11):2047-2056
The present work investigates electricity production using a high efficiency electrochemical generator that employs as fuel a biogas from the dry anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW).The as-produced biogas contains several contaminants (sulfur, halogen, organic silicon and aromatic compounds) that can be harmful for the fuel cell: these were monitored via an innovative mass spectrometry technique that enables for in-line and real-time quantification.A cleaning trap with activated carbons for the removal of sulfur and other VOCs contained in the biogas was also tested and monitored by observing the different breakthrough times of studied contaminants.The electrochemical generator was a commercial Ni anode-supported planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC), tested for more than 300 h with a simulated biogas mixture (CH4 60 vol.%, CO2 40 vol.%), directly fed to the anode electrode. Air was added to promote the direct internal conversion of CH4 to H2 and CO via partial oxidation (POx).The initial breakthrough of H2S from the cleaning section was also simulated and tested by adding ~1 ppm(v) of sulfur in the anode feed; a full recovery of the fuel cell performance after 24 h of sulfur exposure (~1 ppm(v)) was observed upon its removal, indicating the reliable time of anode exposure to sulfur in case of exhausted guard bed. 相似文献
102.
The Direct Pink 12B dye was treated by iron-carbon micro-electrolysis (ICME) and Fenton oxidation. The degradation pathway of Direct Pink 12B dye was inferred by ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis), infrared absorption spectrum (IR) and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The major reason of decolorization was that the conjugate structure was disrupted in the iron-carbon micro-electrolysis (ICME) process. However, the dye was not degraded completely because benzene rings and naphthalene rings were not broken. In the Fenton oxidation process, the azo bond groups surrounded by higher electron cloud density were first attacked by hydroxyl radicals to decolorize the dye molecule. Finally benzene rings and naphthalene rings were mineralized to H2O and CO2 under the oxidation of hydroxyl radicals. 相似文献
103.
104.
Tao Zeng Shuqi Li Weishun Lai Xinming Jiang Yashuang Wang Xinyi Cai Da Wang Shuang Song Min Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(2):602-616
Herein, a novel direct Z-scheme photocatalyst was accomplished by hybridization of 0D MoS2 quantum dots (MSQDs) and 3D honeycomb-like conjugated triazine polymers (CTP) (namely, CTP-MSQD). The unique 0D/3D hierarchical structure significantly enhanced the exposure of active sites and light harvesting property, while the formed p-n junction enabled the direct strong interface coupling without the necessity of any mediators. The optimized CTP-MSQD3 exhibited continuously increased visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity and strong durability both in Cr(VI) reduction and H2 evolution, featured a rate of 0.069 min−1 and 1070 µmol/(hr∙g), respectively, which were 8 times than those of pure 3D-CTP (0.009 min−1 and 129 µmol/(hr∙g)). We believe that this work provides a promising photocatalyst system that combines a 0D/3D hierarchical structure and a Z-scheme charge flow for efficient and stable photocatalytic conversion. 相似文献
105.
The direct urea fuel cell (DUFC) is a low cost and competitive approach for contemporaneous urine or urea-contaminated wastewater treatment and electricity generation. However, the lack of efficient urea oxidation reaction (UOR) electrocatalysts and suitable electron acceptors remains a challenge for practical applications. Here, we developed a DUFC system using Ni2[email protected] foam as the anode and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) as the chemical oxidizers. The Ni2[email protected] foam anode showed a high oxidation activity for UOR with an onset potential of 0.30 V vs. Ag/AgCl and Tafel slope of 34.4 mV/dec. PMS with high theoretical potential improved the cell voltage to 1.43 V. A power density of DUFC up to 4.91 mW/cm2 was achieved using PMS at room temperature, which was approximately twice as high as using H2O2 (2.38 mW/cm2). NiII/NiIII was the redox active species on the Ni2P anode in the DUFC process, and NiII was electrochemically oxidized to NiIII, which reverted to NiII by urea reduction. When real human urine was used as the fuel, a power density of 4.46 mW/cm2 can be achieved at room temperature. This DUFC with high cell performance showed potential application in urea wastewater treatment. 相似文献
106.
Chorionic villi from 20 diagnostic cases were prepared for cytogenetic analysis by a direct and two short-term culture methods. No significant differences were found between the methods in the quality and quantity of metaphases obtained. A further study using villi from 20 pre-termination patients indicated an inherent variation in the quality of villi resulting in inconsistent processing and variation in the response of a sample to the methods. This suggests that it would be advantageous to process the villi by more than one method. 相似文献
107.
环境管理中占主导地位的是直接管制手段,直接管制手段就是政府行政管理机构以指令控制的方式向污染排放者下达法令或提出具体的标准。直接管制在环境管理中取得了很好的成绩。但在环境和经济的协调效率上还不够灵活有效,显示出相当的局限性。阐述了排污收费,使用费,产品费,排污权交易、环境税收等常用的经济手段,并进行了比较分析。 相似文献
108.
A. J. Moore 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1994,35(4):235-241
The adaptive nature of female mate choice remains one of the most contentious issues in the study of sexual selection. Here, I provide evidence that mate choice by females of the ovoviviparous cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea influences the rate at which offspring develop and provides both direct and indirect benefits to the female. Males that are more attractive to females produce offspring with shorter development times than less preferred males. Development time is heritable and apparently unconstrained by antagonistic pleiotropy. Male attractiveness and rate of offspring development are genetically correlated. Offspring gain an indirect benefit from their mother's mate choice because, on average, individuals that hatch faster reach sexual maturity more quickly. Females that discriminate among males gain a direct benefit because N. cinerea is ovoviviparous and the time between clutches is decreased by producing offspring with shorter development. In addition to providing evidence for beneficial consequences of mate choice, this study highlights how genetic data provide insights into the process of sexual selection not gained in a purely phenotypic study.Communicated by P. Pamilo 相似文献
109.
In order to increase the speed of analysis of metaphases from chorionic villi direct preparations, we have investigated the use of two automatic scanning devices, the Magiscan II and a version of Metafip (the research laboratory precursor of Cytoscan). The speed, efficiency, and ranking system have been compared to manual scanning. Results show that both machines detect approximately 80 per cent of the total analysable metaphases detected by a trained cytogeneticist. There appears to be reasonable agreement in ranking between methods. 相似文献
110.
It has been postulated that chorionic villi with abundant sprouts have a higher mitotic index and are therefore preferable for obtaining direct chromosome preparations from chorionic villus samples. This theory was tested by correlating villous morphology with mitotic index. Surprisingly, no statistically significant relationship was found. Choice of culture medium, however, was found to be important, with serum-free RPMI yielding a higher mitotic index than 40 per cent FCS in MEM. We conclude that villous morphology, as assessed in this study, is not a major factor in determining the success of direct chromosome preparations. 相似文献