交通噪声的衍射作用对住宅小区的影响

交通噪声对住宅小区的影响分析，除考虑直达声和反射声的影响外，还应加入衍射声场的作用。该文建立了典型住宅区中噪声衰减的完整理论模型，计算分析了交通噪声对建筑群纵深的影响，并对无规则分布的建筑群中声衰减作了定性分析。还以典型建筑群为例，对已知建筑布局下噪声在其中的衰减特征，作了说明和验证。     

超高效液相色谱-质谱法直接进样测定水中草甘膦和丁基黄原酸

通过优化色谱条件、稀释样品、加入氨水等措施,建立了超高效液相色谱-质谱法直接进样分析地表水及自来水中草甘膦和丁基黄原酸的方法。草甘膦和丁基黄原酸在各自线性范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(R2) 0. 999。方法检出限分别为5. 20(前处理中对样品进行了20倍稀释)和0. 08μg/L,远低于国家标准限值要求。草甘膦和丁基黄原酸的加标回收率分别为73. 8%～92. 3%和85. 0%～113. 0%,样品间的标准偏差均10%,准确度和精密度均满足质控要求。该方法简化了样品前处理过程,成功降低了基质效应对草甘膦和丁基黄原酸测定的干扰。     

高温红外吸收法测定水煤浆中可燃硫方法研究

研究采用高温红外吸收法直接测定水煤浆中可燃硫方法,确定了用浆状水煤浆试样或粉末固体试样的样品制备和红外测硫仪的炉温设定范围(900℃～950℃),通过与间接差减法测定结果对比分析,表明此法可行.     

活性炭负载TiO2催化剂对直接耐酸大红4BS溶液的光催化降解研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了活性炭负载型TiO2催化剂,采用了XRD、BET和SEM对催化剂进行表征。研究了催化剂对直接耐酸大红4BS的紫外光催化降解,比较了活性炭、P25和TiO2／AC对4BS溶液的降解能力,探讨了催化剂煅烧温度和投加量以及染料溶液的初始浓度对光催化降解率的影响,并对催化剂进行了回收再生实验。结果表明,500℃下煅烧的TiO2／AC催化剂比表面积为1147．88m^2／g、TiO2粒径为21．9nm、晶相组成以锐钛矿为主,具有良好的光催化活性和稳定性;90min后2g／L催化剂对150mg／L的4BS溶液紫外光催化降解率达到99．8％。     

石灰石与SO_2直接硫酸化反应宏观动力学的研究

温度、ＳＯ＿２浓度、颗粒大小、石灰石类型和样品的微观结构影响着直接硫酸化反应过程。这一反应过程能用缩芯模型来描述，并对ＳＯ＿２具有一级反应特征。本征反应和产物层扩散控制反应的活化能分别是８５．２ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ和４１．５ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。在８００℃、２０００ｐｐｍＳＯ＿２和反应１０１ｍｉｎ的条件下，Ｉｇｚｌａｂｅｒｇａ和Ｆｏｒｓｂｙ石灰石的ＣａＣＯ＿３转化率分别可达８４％和７２％。在初始２ｍｉｎ内已煅烧石灰石（ＣａＯ）的硫酸化反应速率与石灰石的反应速率稍高，随后二者基本相同。     

What drives large South African corporations to invest in sub‐Saharan Africa? CEO's perspectives and implications for FDI policies

Foreign direct investment (FDI) flowing into Africa is highly diverse in terms of the origin of the investors, size of the firms, and the sectors of activity. The motivations and factors driving firms' decisions to invest in Africa are equally diverse. A direct survey of senior management in South African firms that are operating in sub-Saharan Africa reveals that the drivers of foreign investment as well as the risks and the strategies to overcome them differ markedly between sectors. A further finding is that there is a limited pool of FDI promotion policies and incentives that governments can institute that are effective in impacting South African corporations' investment decisions. As a consequence, broad-based FDI promotion policies aimed at attracting FDI across all investor groups are likely to have limited impact in attracting FDI from any particular investor group, or in attracting any FDI from multinational companies similar to the South African companies studied here. Such broad based policies probably need to be complemented with policies targeting those specific firms or sectors which countries hope to attract.     

Mechanical performance of woodfibre–waste plastic composite materials

Plastic products used for packaging are often discarded after a single use resulting in an inexhaustible supply of waste polymeric materials. The stiffness and strength of polymeric materials have been known to improve with the addition of lignocellulosic fibres available in abundance in nature. Hence, composite materials containing natural fibres and waste plastics would result in the reduction of solid wastes and the use of cheap, renewable resources. Composite specimens, consisting of waste plastics obtained from a Kerbside collection (high density polyethylene (HDPE) waste, Janitorial waste, Kerbside waste I and Kerbside waste II) and Pinus radiata woodfibres (medium density fibres (MDF)), have been produced through melt blending and injection moulding. The effects of fibre content, matrix type and interfacial bonding on the tensile and flexural properties of these composite materials have been determined through extensive testing at various conditions. The mechanical properties of these composites at room temperature and humidity depend on the amount of woodfibres, the mechanical properties of the waste plastics used and the presence of a suitable coupling agent. The tensile strengths of MDF/waste plastic composites do not generally change with fibre content except for 40% MDF/HDPE waste and 40% MDF/Kerbside waste II (plus 1% Epolene™) composites, where the tensile strengths increase by about 25% compared to those of the corresponding waste plastics. Flexural strengths of MDF/waste plastic composites increase with the addition of medium density fibres with the exception of MDF/Kerbside waste I composites. The tensile and flexural moduli of MDF/waste plastic composites mostly increase with increasing fibre content.     

Sulfate aerosols forcing: An estimate using a three-dimensional interactive chemistry scheme

The tropospheric sulfate radiative forcing has been calculated using an interactive chemistry scheme in LMD-GCM. To estimate the radiative forcing of sulfate aerosol on climate, a consistent interaction between atmospheric circulation and radiation computation has been allowed in LMD-GCM. The model results indicate that the change in the sulfate aerosols number concentration is negatively correlated to the indirect radiative forcing. The model simulated annual mean direct radiative forcing ranges from −0.1 to −1.2 W m⁻², and indirect forcing ranges from −0.4 to −1.6 W m⁻². The global annual mean direct effect estimated by the model is −0.48 W m⁻², and that of indirect is −0.68 W m⁻².     

Rapid karyotyping in ectopic pregnancies

The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of karyotyping ectopic Fallopian tube pregnancies utilizing dividing cytotrophoblast cells. Villi from 78 ectopic conceptuses were processed by the direct chromosome technique and cytogenetic diagnosis was successful in 60 cases (76-9 per cent). The amount of villi obtained, as well as villus morphology, was correlated with cytogenetic success rate. Histological examination of the Fallopian tube was also carried out. A total of 47 cases were chromosomally abnormal (78-3 per cent), which is the highest frequency of cytogenetic abnormalities reported to date.