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旅游安全风险系统研究 总被引:10,自引:3,他引:10
在现代旅游活动中,旅游安全问题日益突出。其活动涉及大、中、小尺度的地域范围,牵涉行业较多,旅游安全存在于旅游行业及其活动的各个环节。当前的旅游安全问题不仅仅是个技术问题,而已成为一个很严重的社会问题。笔者从系统论和旅游地理学的角度,把旅游安全作为一个风险系统进行研究;认为旅游安全风险系统是由旅游者与旅游景区环境共同组成的一个复杂的特定的相互依赖的系统;初步探讨旅游安全风险系统的组成、结构和研究内容;对旅游安全风险系统的安全分析、安全评价和安全措施进行了相关研究;通过研究,以期弄清现代旅游业发展中存在的安全问题,提出旅游安全风险对策。 相似文献
74.
灰色关联分析在道路交通事故中的应用 总被引:6,自引:7,他引:6
全国或某一地区的道路交通安全系统是一个灰色系统,可应用灰色关联分析法方便地确定影响交通安全的主要相关因素。由灰色关联度导出灰色关联序,以进行优势分析,从而得到交通事故的最(准)优因素及最(准)优特征。根据1990—2000年全国道路交通事故以及全国人口、机动车、公路里程和客货运输量等主要相关因素统计资料可知,货运量、货运周转量和客运量是影响交通安全的主要相关因素,死、伤人数是交通事故的主要特征和指标。由哈尔滨市2000年道路路段交通事故与交通组成统计资料可知,城市道路交通事故的主要影响因素是各类货车、摩托车和大型车。因此,加强货车和货运管理对提高我国交通安全水平具有重要意义。 相似文献
75.
The inherent risks associated with accidental releases of hazardous materials during transport have drawn attention and concerns in the recent decades. The aim of this study is to propose a tool for evaluation and comparison of the transportation networks which can be used to assess the routing options between origins and destinations of the cargos for their suitability for transporting hazardous material cargos by tanker trucks and to identify routes which provide lower accidental release risks, lower public exposure risks, and offer economical benefits. Each route segment of transportation networks were evaluated using specific criteria which included health risk and cost of delay in case of an accidental release of materials, trucking cost and proximity to vulnerable areas. Since, the health impact of hazardous materials differ depending on the characteristics of the material being transported as well as release quantities and atmospheric conditions; this paper aimed in providing a tool that can be used to estimate the impact radius (for health risks) after accidental release of hazardous materials by taking into account different atmospheric conditions based on the meteorological data and solar elevation angle. The Gaussian air dispersion model paired with ArcGIS using Python programming were employed to estimate the health risk impact zones by considering the meteorological data, and accordingly to analyze road segments for cost impacts (delay and trucking costs), and the proximity to vulnerable areas. The route assessment tool was demonstrated with a case study. The results of this study can efficiently aid decision makers for transportation of hazardous materials. 相似文献
76.
Conservation decision makers commonly use project‐scoring metrics that are inconsistent with theory on optimal ranking of projects. As a result, there may often be a loss of environmental benefits. We estimated the magnitudes of these losses for various metrics that deviate from theory in ways that are common in practice. These metrics included cases where relevant variables were omitted from the benefits metric, project costs were omitted, and benefits were calculated using a faulty functional form. We estimated distributions of parameters from 129 environmental projects from Australia, New Zealand, and Italy for which detailed analyses had been completed previously. The cost of using poor prioritization metrics (in terms of lost environmental values) was often high—up to 80% in the scenarios we examined. The cost in percentage terms was greater when the budget was smaller. The most costly errors were omitting information about environmental values (up to 31% loss of environmental values), omitting project costs (up to 35% loss), omitting the effectiveness of management actions (up to 9% loss), and using a weighted‐additive decision metric for variables that should be multiplied (up to 23% loss). The latter 3 are errors that occur commonly in real‐world decision metrics, in combination often reducing potential benefits from conservation investments by 30–50%. Uncertainty about parameter values also reduced the benefits from investments in conservation projects but often not by as much as faulty prioritization metrics. 相似文献
77.
Cristi C. Horton Tarla Rai Peterson Paulami Banerjee Markus J. Peterson 《Conservation biology》2016,30(1):23-32
Conservation policy sits at the nexus of natural science and politics. On the one hand, conservation scientists strive to maintain scientific credibility by emphasizing that their research findings are the result of disinterested observations of reality. On the other hand, conservation scientists are committed to conservation even if they do not advocate a particular policy. The professional conservation literature offers guidance on negotiating the relationship between scientific objectivity and political advocacy without damaging conservation science's credibility. The value of this guidance, however, may be restricted by limited recognition of credibility's multidimensionality and emergent nature: it emerges through perceptions of expertise, goodwill, and trustworthiness. We used content analysis of the literature to determine how credibility is framed in conservation science as it relates to apparent contradictions between science and advocacy. Credibility typically was framed as a static entity lacking dimensionality. Authors identified expertise or trustworthiness as important, but rarely mentioned goodwill. They usually did not identify expertise, goodwill, or trustworthiness as dimensions of credibility or recognize interactions among these 3 dimensions of credibility. This oversimplification may limit the ability of conservation scientists to contribute to biodiversity conservation. Accounting for the emergent quality and multidimensionality of credibility should enable conservation scientists to advance biodiversity conservation more effectively. 相似文献
78.
吴泓 《辽宁城乡环境科技》2013,(7):31-33,38
我国因燃煤导致的SO2污染危害十分严重。从清洁生产角度出发,通过比较锅炉烟气脱硫各种方法的优缺点,确定氨法脱硫作为化工企业处理锅炉烟气的工艺。介绍了氨法脱硫机理,工艺各系统结构组成,进行了经济及社会效益分析。氨法脱硫工艺可以去除93%的SO2,处理后的烟气达到了国家排放标准,脱硫副产品硫酸铵可以转交给同区域的企业,深加工为优质化肥。说明发展清洁生产和循环经济是企业预防和控制污染的有效途径,是实现可持续发展战略的必然选择,有利于企业技术进步,提高管理水平,增强综合竞争能力。 相似文献
79.
80.
孙炳科 《安全.健康和环境》2012,12(5):35-38
对炼油企业恶臭污染源现状进行调查和分析,提出相应的控制对策,对目前存在的环保问题,提出整改措施. 相似文献