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31.
Gonzalez-Fernandez O Hidalgo M Margui E Carvalho ML Queralt I 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,153(2):476-482
Every year between 8 and 9 millions of vehicles in the European Union arrive to their end of life. Car wastes can have a very high metal content, falling into hazardous waste class. A preliminary evaluation of these wastes could be made by metals' leaching test runs which is the main objective of the present study. Evaluation of the total metal content was carried out by X-ray fluorescence and the mobility of these metals using two simple standardized extractions such as the TCLP (Toxicity Characterisation Leaching Procedure) of the US EPA and the German leaching test DIN 38414-S4. Additionally, an extraction test with acetone was performed in order to recognise metals bounded to organic matter. The results show that the total metal content of the ASR can overpass the established values for inert residues. Lead and zinc contents are fairly well correlated with grain-size, whilst other metals' contents do not exhibit clear grain-size dependence. 相似文献
32.
王涛 《中国安全生产科学技术》2011,7(11):103-110
MTBE装置处理的物料(混合C4、甲醇)具有易燃易爆性,若发生物料泄漏,将导致装置发生火灾爆炸。为了确保装置安全平稳、长周期运行,基于MTBE装置工艺技术特点,全面系统分析了装置的潜在危险性,总结出导致装置发生火灾爆炸事故的主要因素-物料泄漏;在此基础上,采用挪威DNV公司的SAFETI定量风险评价软件,建立混合C4、甲醇泄漏扩散模型,对物料泄漏导致的主要事故类型(喷射火、池火等)进行模拟,得出泄漏扩散引发火灾爆炸事故的危害范围。结果表明:该模拟研究能够反映出泄漏扩散过程和破坏范围,取得了较真实的事故影响范围曲线图,可以为设计人员更加详细了解MTBE装置发生事故的危害性及企业加强重点部位监控、制定防范措施、编制事故应急预案提供重要参考依据。 相似文献
33.
34.
毛竹遗态 Fe2O3/Fe3O4/C 复合材料对水中锑(III)的吸附研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以毛竹遗态Fe2 O3/Fe3 O4/C复合材料为吸附剂,锑(III )初始含量、溶液初始pH值、吸附剂投加量以及吸附剂粒径为影响因素开展吸附影响研究。结果表明,随着锑(III )初始浓度的升高,毛竹遗态Fe2 O3/Fe3 O4/C复合材料对锑(III )的吸附量逐渐增加;初始溶液pH为7时,对锑(III )的吸附效果最好,吸附量为4.7821 mg/g;块状吸附剂对水中锑(III )的去除率和吸附量与粉末状吸附剂吸附效果相当。 相似文献
35.
采用问卷调查、信效度分析和因子分析等方法,研究玻璃行业不安全行为影响因素,研究结果表明:玻璃行业员工不安全行为主要包括车间照明、PPE佩戴等18个影响因素指标;根据方差分析结果将影响因素归结为工作环境与行为要求(F1)、安全教育与培训(F2)、群体与组织行为影响(F3)和激励沟通与奖惩(F4)等4个主因子,其方差解释率分别为32%、12%、10%、10%,权重分别为0.51、0.19、0.15、0.15;根据分析结果针对性提出“4+1”安全管理模式,为玻璃行业降低不安全行为几率、保障安全生产提供理论依据。 相似文献
36.
Yingying Chen Ruiping Li Yan Gu Hailin Tian Yingping Huang Junsong Chen Yanfen Fang Changying Yang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(2):203-215
Photocatalytic process represents a promising approach to overcome the pollution challenge associated with the antibiotics-containing wastewater. This study provides a green, efficient and novel approach to remove cephalosporins, particularly cefoperazone sodium (CFP). Bi4O5Br2 was chosen for the first time to systematically study its degradation for CFP, including the analysis of material structure, degradation performance, the structure and toxicity of the transformation products, etc. The degradation rate results indicated that Bi4O5Br2 had an excellent catalytic activity leading to 78% CFP removal compared with the pure BiOBr (38%) within 120 min of visible light irradiation. In addition, the Bi4O5Br2 presents high stability and good organic carbon removal efficiency. The effects of the solution pH (3.12 - 8.75) on catalytic activity revealed that CFP was mainly photocatalyzed under acidic conditions and hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions. Combined with active species and degradation product identification, the photocatalytic degradation pathways of CFP by Bi4O5Br2 was proposed, including hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction and decarboxylation. Most importantly, the identified products were all hydrolysis rather than oxidation byproducts transformed from the intermediate of β-lactam bond cleavage in CFP molecule, quite different from the mostly previous studies. Furthermore, the final products were demonstrated to be less toxic through the toxicity analysis. Overall, this study illustrates the detailed mechanism of CFP degradation by Bi4O5Br2 and confirms Bi4O5Br2 to be a promising material for the photodegradation of CFP. 相似文献
37.
矿物油(原油、机油、柴油等)、苯胺、部分金属离子及CIO-等物质对4-AAP法测定污水中的挥发酚有干扰。本文采用标加干扰物的方法研究了各种干扰物质对挥发酚测定过程中的回收率的影响规律,得到总回收率Y方程。由Y值和4-AAP法测定值CD可求得水样中挥发酚的实际含量CT(CD/Y)。混和干扰物加标拟合实验结果的相对误差<±5%。该方法测定实际水样的结果与4阶导数光谱法的结果基本吻合。本文是针对油矿区污水特点,提出的消除各种干扰挥发酚测定物质影响的研究方法。 相似文献
38.
介绍了在2个监测点,用直接法测定大气中的非甲烷烃。测定方法的检出限可达0.0065mg/m^3,在线性范围0-10mg/m^3时,线性相关系数为0.9995,相对标准焦虑差为2.8%。结果表明,由于大气逆温层、工业排放源、汽车排气对非甲烷烃的浓度变化产生影响,其日变化曲线呈双峰形。 相似文献
39.
通过批量吸附实验考查了7种芳香族化合物在XAD-4上的吸附热力学行为.结果表明,在实验条件下,Freundlich方程能很好地拟合这7种化合物在XAD-4上的等温吸附数据,且都为优惠吸附,吸附能力均随着温度的升高而降低.结合7种化合物的分子结构描述符和Freundlich方程的吸附平衡常数,建立了QSPR模型,较高的可决系数R2(0.991)、去一法交互检验可决系数R2CV(0.985)和外部预测集交互检验系数Q2ext(0.994)表明,该模型具有较高的稳定性能和预测能力.模型结果表明,水杨酸等7种芳香族化合物在XAD-4上的Freundlich吸附平衡常数与溶质疏水性能呈正比关系,与温度、溶质分子极性和溶质分子的氢键酸度常数呈反比关系. 相似文献
40.
ZnBiYO4 was synthesized by a solid-state reaction method for the first time. The structural and photocatalytic properties of ZnBiYO4 were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance. ZnBiYO4 crystallized with a tetragonal spinel structure with space group I41/A. The lattice parameters for ZnBiYO4 were a = b = 11.176479 Å and c= 10.014323 Å. The band gap of ZnBiYO4 was estimated to be 1.58 eV. The photocatalytic activity of ZnBiYO4 was assessed by photodegradation of methyl orange under visible light irradiation. The results showed that ZnBiYO4 had higher catalytic activity compared with N-doped TiO2 under the same experimental conditions using visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange with ZnBiYO4 or N-doped TiO2 as catalyst followed first-order reaction kinetics, and the first-order rate constant was 0.01575 and 0.00416 min-1 for ZnBiYO4 and N-doped TiO2, respectively. After visible light irradiation for 220 min with ZnBiYO4 as catalyst, complete removal and mineralization of methyl orange were observed. The reduction of total organic carbon, formation of inorganic products, SO42- and NO3-, and evolution of CO2 revealed the continuous mineralization of methyl orange during the photocatalytic process. The intermediate products were identified using liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry. The ZnBiYO4/(visible light) photocatalysis system was found to be suitable for textile industry wastewater treatment and could be used to solve other environmental chemical pollution problems. 相似文献