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241.
Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) has attracted much attention in drinking water treatment due to its potential to produce nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs). This work was designed to explore the transformation and fate of DON and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in drinking water treatment. The changes of DON and formation of N-DBPs were evaluated along the water treatment route (i.e., pre-ozonation and biological-contact oxidation, delivery pipes’ transportation, coagulation-sedimentation, sand filtration, post-ozonation, biological activated carbon, ultrafiltration and disinfection) of drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). The transformation mechanism of DON was comprehensively investigated by molecular weight fractionation, three-dimensional fluorescence, LC-OCD (Liquid Chromatography-Organic Carbon Detection), total free amino acids. A detailed comparison was made between concentrations and variations of DON and DIN affected by seasons in the drinking water treatment. Regardless of seasonal variation in raw water concentration, the DON removal trends between different treatment processes remain constant in the present study. Compared to other treatment processes, pre-ozonation and coagulation-sedimentation exhibited the dominant DON removal in different seasons, i.e., 11.13%-14.45% and 14.98%-22.49%, respectively. Contrary, biological-contact oxidation and biological activated carbon negatively impacted the DON removal, in which DON increased by 1.76%-6.49% in biological activated carbon. This may be due to the release of soluble microbial products (SMPs) from bacterial metabolism, which was further validated by the rise of biopolymers in LC-OCD. 相似文献
242.
Sekaran G Ramani K Ganesh Kumar A Ravindran B John Kennedy L Gnanamani A 《Journal of environmental management》2007,84(2):123-133
Domestic wastewater contains a considerable amount of pathogenic organisms besides non-biodegradable organics. The conventional technologies followed for the treatment of domestic wastewater are less efficient in removing pathogenic organisms despite substantial removal of dissolved organics. The focal theme of the present investigation was to use a chemo-autotrophic activated carbon oxidation (CAACO) system, an immobilized cell reactor using chemoautotrophs (Bacillus sp.) for the treatment of domestic wastewater. The oxidation of organics and Escherichia coli in wastewater is controlled by the parameters space time, O(2)/COD, bed height and cod loading. The scheme comprised of anaerobic treatment, sand filtration and CAACO treatment removed BOD. COD, Total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved protein, total Kjeldhal nitrogen (TKN) and bacterial count (most probable number (MPN)) by 81%, 92%, 84%, 94%, 93% and 99.9997%, respectively. The low concentration of E. coli in the CAACO-treated wastewater was completely eliminated through UV irradiation in 3 min at 254 nm. 相似文献
243.
化学需氧量是水体中有机物含量的重要指标。重铬酸钾法是测定化学需氧量的常规方法。在这个实验里,我们采用了COD的快速测定方法,对这种方法的准确度、精密度进行了分析,并对重铬酸钾法与快速测定法进行了对比实验,以验证其相关性。 相似文献
244.
245.
Dingyong Wang Yongguang Yin Siqi Zhang Mingxing Wang Jiang Liu Shanyi Tian Xueling Yang Guangquan Xiao Guomin Xu Tao Jiang Yong Cai Xinbin Feng Shuxiao Wang Huan Zhong Ping Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,119(9):68-77
Biochar has been used increasingly as a soil additive to control mercury (Hg) pollution in paddy rice fields. As the most active component of soil organic matter, soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a vital role in the environmental fate of contaminants. However, there are very few studies to determine the impact of biochar on the Hg cycle in rice paddies using insights from DOM. This study used original and modified biochar to investigate their effect on DOM dynamics and their potential impact on methylmercury (MeHg) production and bioaccumulation in rice plants. Porewater DOM was collected to analyze the variations in soil-derived DOM in paddy soils. The results showed that the addition of biochar, whether in original or modified form, significantly reduced the bioaccumulation of MeHg in rice plants, especially in hulls and grains (p<0.05). However, MeHg production in soils was only inhibited by the modified biochar. Biochar addition induced a significant increase in DOM's aromaticity and molecular weight (p<0.05), which decreased Hg bioavailability. Furthermore, enhanced microbial activity was also observed in DOM (p<0.05), further increasing MeHg production in the soil. Thus, the effect of biochar on the fate of Hg cycle involves competition between the two different roles of DOM. This study identified a specific mechanism by which biochar affects Hg behavior in rice paddy soil and contributes to understanding the more general influence of biochar in agriculture and contaminant remediation. 相似文献
246.
Solid fuels in chemical-looping combustion 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Henrik Leion Tobias Mattisson Anders Lyngfelt 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2008,2(2):180-193
The feasibility of using a number of different solid fuels in chemical-looping combustion (CLC) has been investigated. A laboratory fluidized bed reactor system for solid fuel, simulating a chemical-looping combustion system by exposing the sample to alternating reducing and oxidizing conditions, was used. In each reducing phase 0.2 g of fuel in the size range 180–250 μm was added to the reactor containing 40 g oxygen carrier of size 125–180 μm. Two different oxygen carriers were tested, a synthetic particle of 60% active material of Fe2O3 and 40% MgAl2O4 and a particle consisting of the natural mineral ilmenite. Effect of steam content in the fluidizing gas of the reactor was investigated as well as effect of temperature. A number of experiments were also made to investigate the rate of conversion of the different fuels in a CLC system. A high dependency on steam content in the fluidizing gas as well as temperature was shown. The fraction of volatiles in the fuel was also found to be important. Furthermore the presence of an oxygen carrier was shown to enhance the conversion rate of the intermediate gasification reaction. At 950 °C and with 50% steam the time needed to achieve 95% conversion of fuel particles with a diameter of 0.125–0.18 mm ranged between 4 and 15 min depending on the fuel, while 80% conversion was reached within 2–10 min. In almost all cases the synthetic Fe2O3 particle with 40% MgAl2O4 and the mineral ilmenite showed similar results with the different fuels. 相似文献
247.
对密封法测定残酸水的COD进行了研究。实验结果表明,这一方法经济,简便,准确度好,精密度主同,能很好的消除Cl的干扰,适用于测定残酸水的COD值。 相似文献
248.
苏州河底泥的耗氧特征及其与水质的关系 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
苏州河上海区段底泥中SOD的数据分析表明,市区河段底泥中SOD的大小,与上层河水中COD_(Mn)、DO、BOD_5、NH_3-N的含量均有密切的相关性。在流动水相作用下,研究了水温及流速等主要环境因素对底泥耗氧的影响。提出了市区河段水质模式中的底泥耗氧表达式。指出在市区河段中,底泥耗氧在总的耗氧过程中灵敏度最大,占主要地位。若河流两旁无污染源排入时,约占该河流总耗氧的51%; 相似文献
249.
Madhubhashini Makehelwal Yuansong Wei Sujithra K. Weragod Rohan Weerasooriya 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(2):326-337
It has recently been proposed that recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon(DOC) in groundwater plays a potent etiological role in the peculiar distribution of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology(CKDu).This study aims to elucidate the interactions of Ca~(2+)and SO_4~(2-)with a model organic fraction of humic acid(SHA) to determine the possible relationship of CKDu incidence with the DOC in drinking water.XPS and FT-IR methods respectively determined the surface functional groups and chemical composition of protonated dissolved organic carbon(HDOC) in a CKDu high-risk zone(HR) of Sri Lanka and in SHA.Higher surface C composition(87.9%) and lower O(11.4%) were observed for HDOC from the HR region than for SHA(C: 73.8%, O: 24.7%).Aromatic C with less Ocontaining functional groups was observed in HDOC.The IR band at 1170 cm~(-1) confirms the formation of organic sulfonate(C–SO_3~-) on SHA.A band at 1213 cm~(-1) due to organic sulfonate in HDOC from the CKDu HR region was also identified.The IR band at 866 cm~(-1) evidenced the formation of CaCO_3 on SHA above pH 7.4.XPS data confirmed the presence of sulfur oxidation states corresponding to SO_3~(2-)and SO_4~(2-)at 168.9 eV and 170.1 eV binding energies,respectively.The binding energies at 347 eV and 351 eV for Ca 2p_(3/2) and Ca 2p_(1/2) eV,respectively, confirmed the bidentate complexation of Ca~(2+)with COO-and sulfonate groups on SHA.The organic sulfonate formed is postulated as a uremic toxicant. 相似文献
250.