顶空气相色谱分析原理与技术

系统讨论了静态顶空气相色谱的原理,包括多次相平衡法、改变相比法和标准加入定量法。测定了挥发性有机物在气液两相间的分配常数及其在水中的含量。提出了通过测定分配常数作为分析准确度的判据。研究了温度、相比、分配常数和无机盐对顶空分析灵敏度的影响。采用顶空色谱测定了河流底泥中的可酸挥发硫化物。     

New best estimates for radionuclide solid–liquid distribution coefficients in soils,Part 1: radiostrontium and radiocaesium

Best estimates for the solid-liquid distribution coefficients (K_d) of radiostrontium and radiocaesium for various soil types, were derived from geometric means (GM) calculated from grouping soils by texture and organic matter content, and also using soil cofactors governing soil–radionuclide interaction. The K_d (Sr) GM for Sand, Loam, Clay and Organic groups were similar, although the value for the Sand group was significantly lower. The Sr cofactor approach, based on the ratios of cation exchange capacity (CEC) to Ca and Mg concentrations in the soil solution, leads to K_d (Sr) GM with a lower variability, from which best estimates could be proposed. The K_d (Cs) GM for Sand and Organic groups differed, although similar values were obtained for Loam and Clay groups. Grouping the K_d (Cs) according to the Radiocaesium Interception Potential (RIP) and the RIP divided by the K concentration in the soil solution also allows to suggest K_d (Cs) best estimates with a lower variability.     

Perception of drinking water in the Quebec City region (Canada): the influence of water quality and consumer location in the distribution system

The purpose of every water utility is to provide consumers with drinking water that is aesthetically acceptable and presents no risk to public health. Several studies have been carried out to analyze people's perception and attitude about the drinking water coming from their water distribution systems. The goal of the present study is to investigate the influence of water quality and the geographic location of consumers within a distribution system on consumer perception of tap water. The study is based on the data obtained from two surveys carried out in municipalities of the Quebec City area (Canada). Three perception variables were used to study consumer perception: general satisfaction, taste satisfaction and risk perception. Data analysis based on logistic regression indicates that water quality variations and geographic location in the distribution system have a significant impact on the consumer perception. This impact appears to be strongly associated with residual chlorine levels. The study also confirms the importance of socio-economic characteristics of consumers on their perception of drinking water quality.     

马鞍山市大气环境中苯并(a)芘分布与变化规律研究

研究了马鞍山市大气环境中苯并（a）芘的分布与变化规律，监测了马鞍山市各功能区，新老市区的居民区及交通要道大气环境中苯并（a）芘的含量，该市功能区内的工业区大气中苯并（a）芘污染严重，最高质量浓度达50．31ng/m^3，居民区内老市大气中的苯并（a）芘污染明显高于新市区，究其原因，老市区是马鞍山，市工业发源地，属居民，商业及工业混合区，研究中发现，大气中苯并（a）芘含量高低有季节性的昼夜变化现象，时空分布和迁移变化规律明显，并且大气中总悬浮颗粒物与苯并（a)芘的相关性显著。     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

抚顺市非甲烷烃的时空分布规律

本文采用分别测定以氮气和空气为底气的同一浓度的甲烷标准气体的响应值,两者之差值即为空气中氧对总烃测定的空白值,代替传统的用除烃净化空气装置制备净化空气测定空白值的方法,并将该法应用于抚顺市非甲烷烃的含量测定,取得较理想结果。同时研究了抚顺市非甲烷烃的时空分布规律。     

受限透视角度下超声波CT温度场诊断技术

超声波CT一种热测量方法,具有不接触、对温度场不干扰的优点。本文发展一种新的超声波CT再现方法,用于解决受限透视角度所产生的信息量不足的问题。新的超声波CT再现算法建立在逆矩阵变换的基础上,它不同于通常的采用SL过滤器的所谓FBPCT再现方式。论文中描述了三种CT迭代再现算法,用计算机模拟结果和三维温度场测量实验数据验证了再现算法的可靠性。同时根据计算和实验结果,建议在受限的透视角度情况下,迭代方法采用修正的正则最小二乘法CGM是合适的。     

煤及其燃烧产物中砷的分布特征

首先研究了我国各主要聚煤区煤中砷的分布,煤的砷含量均值高于世界但低于美国,低于或接近我国土壤砷含量,但与地壳克拉克值比较,砷在煤中被明显富集。从各聚煤区情况看,砷的含量和富集因子均有中新生代煤最大,华南二叠纪煤为次,而华北石炭——二叠纪煤最小的特点。煤各级燃烧产物中砷分布研究表明,底灰中亏损,但富集于飞灰特别是细粒飞灰的表面,质量平衡率的计算显示砷大多能截留于飞灰中,呈蒸气状态逸散入大气的有限。      

城区快速路交通噪声测试与防治对策

采用现场调查的方法对沈阳市某快速路交通噪声状况进行测试,根据现场调查测试结果分析:噪声强度在快速路两侧高层建筑物的高度分布不同,其随距建筑物横向距离的增大呈衰减特性,其随时间的变化幅度较小,进而对快速路两侧敏感建筑物的噪声防治提出相应对策。     

三沙湾海水中磷的分布和富营养化研究

根据2010、2011年三沙湾水质监测资料,评价了活性磷酸盐的分布及时空变化特征,根据N/P和Si/N比判断三沙湾浮游植物生长的限制因子,用营养状态指数评价该湾水体的富营养化状态.结果表明,霍童溪为三沙湾海水中磷的主要陆源输入来源,磷为三沙湾植物生长繁殖限制因子,磷含量季节周期变化特征明显,5月植物生长繁殖旺盛,由于磷的匮乏,生长受到限制,磷含量降至最低水平,8月由于植物腐败分解释放磷和海水水温较高抑制植物生长,使磷含量升高,11月至次年1月,磷含量持续升高.三沙湾内富营养化指数大于1,存在发生赤潮的风险.