微量元素镍在小白鼠脏器内积累规律的研究

微量元素镍在小白鼠脏器内积累规律的研究汪燕芳（江西师范大学化学系，南昌３３００２７）周松茂张奇凤陈国树（南昌大学化学系）范广勤阎冀刘延芳（江西医学院卫生系）关键词镍；脏器；积累规律．微量元素镍广泛地分布在大气、水体、土壤和生物体内环境中．研究表明，人...     

Perfluoroalkyl acids(PFAAs) in urban surface water of Shijiazhuang,China: Occurrence,distribution,sources and ecological risks

It is extremely important to analyze the contaminative behaviors of Perfluoroalkyl acids(PFAAs) due to their serious threats to urban environments which are closely related to humans. Current study aimed to explore the distribution, source apportionment and ecological risk assessment of PFAAs in surface water from Shijiazhuang, China. The concentrations of ΣPFAAs ranged from 19.5 to 125.9 ng/L in the investigation area. Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid(PFBS) and perfluoropentanoic acid(PFPeA) were t...     

辽宁省降水化学组份分析

对辽宁省１９９１～１９９５年期间五城市降水中的化学组份进行了八种离子分析，研究了其时空分布，组成特征及变化规律．得出辽宁省存在降水污染的结论     

大型电弧炉烟尘产生规律的探讨

对只起熔化、氧化作用的大型电炉冶炼过程产生的烟尘进行了测试,经对测试数据的分析研究,总结了该种电炉冶炼过程烟尘产生的规律和特点,为大型电炉烟尘净化设施的设计和运行提供了参考.     

河流水体中直链烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)含量水平调查

对盐河中水体直链烷基苯磺酸钠（ＬＡＳ）在水体中的分布状况、自净和迁移转化规律进行了调查研究．结果表明，污水中ＬＡＳ主要迁移到底泥中，底泥中ＬＡＳ同系物在各个时期中含量和波动幅度的顺序是：Ｃ１２＞Ｃ１１＞Ｃ１３＞Ｃ１０．     

甘肃省土壤农业水文特性的研究

本文在研究甘肃省土壤容重、土壤凋萎湿度和田间持水量的时空分布规律及其相关因素的基础上,根据占田间持水量40％(严重干旱)、60％(轻度干旱)和80％(最适宜)时的土壤湿度标准,计算出5种地域类型26个代表点的不同土壤湿度标准的土壤水分界限值,为各地采取不同的农业耕作和管理措施提供依据。最后以凋萎湿度为主导指标,以容重和田间持水量为辅助指标,建立甘肃省土壤农业水文特性分区指标系统,把全省划分为5个大区12个副区,对各大区土壤农业水文特性值进行了评述,并提出土壤改良措施和相应的办法。     

Distributions of personal VOC exposures: a population-based analysis

Information regarding the distribution of volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations and exposures is scarce, and there have been few, if any, studies using population-based samples from which representative estimates can be derived. This study characterizes distributions of personal exposures to ten different VOCs in the U.S. measured in the 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Personal VOC exposures were collected for 669 individuals over 2-3 days, and measurements were weighted to derive national-level statistics. Four common exposure sources were identified using factor analyses: gasoline vapor and vehicle exhaust, methyl tert-butyl ether (MBTE) as a gasoline additive, tap water disinfection products, and household cleaning products. Benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylenes chloroform, and tetrachloroethene were fit to log-normal distributions with reasonably good agreement to observations. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene and trichloroethene were fit to Pareto distributions, and MTBE to Weibull distribution, but agreement was poor. However, distributions that attempt to match all of the VOC exposure data can lead to incorrect conclusions regarding the level and frequency of the higher exposures. Maximum Gumbel distributions gave generally good fits to extrema, however, they could not fully represent the highest exposures of the NHANES measurements. The analysis suggests that complete models for the distribution of VOC exposures require an approach that combines standard and extreme value distributions, and that carefully identifies outliers. This is the first study to provide national-level and representative statistics regarding the VOC exposures, and its results have important implications for risk assessment and probabilistic analyses.     

哈尔滨市土壤中PCBs的污染现状研究

采用GC／MS法对哈尔滨市18个表层土壤及1个深层土壤中PCBs的浓度进行了测定,并讨论了PCBs在土壤中的分布特征及同族体的组成情况。结果表明,该市表层土壤中∑PCBs浓度分布在0．025-1．795ng／g之间,平均值为0．545ng／g,深层土壤中未能检测到目标物,土样中共有18种同系物有不同程度的检出,主要以五氡联苯为主,其中工业区的土壤样品中∑PCBs含量最高。     

X~2分布、t分布和F分布的近似计算

当自由度很大时,三大抽样分布的P值无表可查,而且如果编程计算P值时,需要计算一个无穷区间上的广义积分,还会面临数值溢出的问题,解决这些问题需要较高的计算机编程技巧,这些不利于开发实用程序,限制了它们的实际应用。本文利用χ^2分布、一元t分布和一元F分布的一致渐进正态性、标准正态分布的分布函数近似计算公式和软件Mathematica 5．0,通过计算机仿真,指出当自由度较大时,可以用正态分布进行近似计算,避免了数值溢出和无穷区间的积分问题,为使用常用开发语言编程解决实际问题提供了一种可行方案,具有一定的应用价值。     

天津市区道路地表径流污染特征研究

从实际地表径流水质实地监测和实验室分析出发,理论与实践相结合,揭示了天津市区道路地表径流主要污染物的相关性及不同污染物随降雨历时动态变化规律,全年道路地表径流水质季节变化规律,全面剖析了天津市区降雨径流的污染特征,并由此提出相应的处理措施和合理化建议,为天津城市雨水污染控制提供了基础研究。