HEAVY METAL DISTRIBUTION AND SPECIATION IN THE NORTHERN ADRIATIC SEA

In the present study the concentrations of cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, zinc were analysed and the speciation of copper and zinc performed, with a summer and winter sampling, for two areas in the Northern Adriatic Sea and crossing at the farthest zones of the Po river-sea water interface. Results show that when salinity increases the concentrations of all investigated metals (with the exception of cobalt) present some degree of biogeochemical cycling. Copper is the element whose dissolved phase has the highest importance in metal transport across the salinity gradient. Results of speciation analysis demonstrate that the presence of excess amounts (5-8 fold) of unbound ligands confers a buffering capacity for potential inputs of dissolved metals into the Northern Adriatic Sea. The speciation of both copper and zinc in the dissolved phase was dominated by organic complexation.     

±500kV直流复合绝缘子沿串积污特性研究

复合绝缘子的积污特性与瓷绝缘子和玻璃绝缘子有所不同,研究其积污规律对防止污闪有着重要意义。为此,以3支实际运行后的±500kV直流复合绝缘子为研究对象,系统测量其沿串不同位置的污秽度,用等值盐密(ESDD)和灰密(NSDD)表征。试验发现绝缘子不同伞上下表面的等值盐密和灰密大多呈现出U形的分布规律,尤其以等值盐密的U形分布更为明显,而且不同伞上下表面污秽U形分布规律性的强弱有一定差异。讨论了积污过程中电场对污秽沉积的作用以及自清洗过程中雨水冲洗的随机作用,更好地解释了直流复合绝缘子的沿串积污规律。     

Development of an individual-based model to evaluate elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) movement and distribution patterns following the Cerro Grande Fire in north central New Mexico, USA

Though studies have modeled the effects of fires on elk, no studies have related the effects of post-fire landscape succession on ungulate movements and distribution using dynamic modeling techniques. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a spatially-explicit, stochastic, individual-based model (IBM) to evaluate potential movement and distribution patterns of elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) in relation to spatial and temporal aspects of the Cerro Grande Fire that burned north central New Mexico in May of 2000. Following extensive literature review, the SAVANNA Ecosystem Model was selected to simulate the underlying post-fire successional processes driving elk movement and distribution. Standard logisitic regression was used to analyze habitat-use patterns of ten elk from data collected using global positioning system radio collars while an additional five animals were used as an independent test set during model validation. Static variables in the form of roads, buildings, fences, and habitual use/memory were used to modify a map of impedance values based on the logistic regression of slope, aspect, and elevation. Integration with SAVANNA came through the application of a habitat suitability index (HSI), which combined movement rules written for the IBM and variables modified and produced by the dynamic ecological processes run in SAVANNA. Overall pattern analysis indicated that realistic migrational processes and habitat-use patterns emerged from movement rules incorporated into the IBM in response to advancing and receding snow when compared to the independent test set. Primary and secondary movement pathways emerged from the collective responses of simulated individuals. Using regression analyses, no significant differences between simulated animals and animals used in either model development or an independent test set revealed any differences in response to snow patterns. These considerations suggest the model was adequately corroborated based on existing data and outlined objectives.     

浑河中游1,2-DCA在地下水中运移规律的模拟分析

为研究有机组分在地下水中的运移规律及影响因素,并预测水质的破坏程度,利用数值模拟方法建立浑河中游区域特征有机污染组分1,2-DCA(1,2-二氯乙烷)的溶质运移模型,分析1,2-DCA在浑河中游地下水中的运移规律,并预测了其对地下水水质的影响. 细河与浑河中1,2-DCA的补给浓度(以ρ计)分别为4.50和6.40μg/L,预测期为10a,在运移模型中考虑弥散、吸附、降解作用的影响. 模拟结果显示,预测期内1,2-DCA在细河污染区的最大影响面积为1.80km2,峰值浓度(以ρ计)为3.50μg/L,污染物向北西方向运移;在浑河污染区的最大影响面积为3.78km2,峰值浓度为5.00μg/L,污染物向西南方向运移,表明污染物对地下水水质影响程度较低. 预测初期的200d内,吸附及生物降解的共同作用使细河、浑河污染晕中心的ρ(1,2-DCA)分别下降了0.12、0.10μg/L;随后,对流-弥散作用成为溶质运移的主要驱动力,并且使1,2-DCA的污染程度持续增强;黏土对1,2-DCA的运移具有阻滞作用,1,2-DCA在细河污染晕的扩散幅度略低于浑河.      

城市立交桥交通噪声变化规律与影响的研究

针对目前我国城市立交桥交通噪声影响的状况,环评预测结果偏差过大的问题,应用大量的环保验收实测数据,对城市立交桥交通噪声的变化规律与影响进行了分析研究.城市立交桥的交通噪声昼间变化幅度小于夜间变化幅度,一定时期的昼间噪声等效声级Ld与夜间噪声等效声级Ln的变化幅度不大于1.0dB(A),昼间噪声等效声级Ld高于夜间噪声等效声级Ln,其差值(Ld-Ln)多在2.5dB(A)之内.立交桥交通噪声主要是由大型车辆行驶噪声贡献的,车辆的行驶噪声夜间普遍高于昼间,对周围敏感点影响的噪声一楼最低,在桥路面以上六层楼的噪声最高,比桥面平层楼房平均高2.4～3.0dB(A),桥面下的楼房的噪声低于桥面平层楼噪声2～3dB(A).其结果对于城市立交桥交通噪声的管理与治理提供相应的参考.     

阜新市大气污染分布规律研究

以阜新市1996-2000年大气环境监测数据为基础,采用污染负荷系数法,分析了半干旱区域的资源型城市大气污染分布规律,揭示了城市环境空气污染物随季节、年际、功能区变化的规律,并分析了形成这种规律的原因.结果表明,阜新市大气污染物的浓度具有明显的时空分布规律,时间上表现为年内冬强夏弱,年际间自1996年以来总悬浮颗粒和一氧化碳逐年减轻;空间上,空气污染物的浓度依功能区不同而异,交通区的污染状况最严重.     

调水过程中城市内河含氮污染物负荷变化规律研究

针对我国城市内河污染日益严重的问题,以巢湖市老城区环城河为研究对象,拟定调水方案,进行调水试验。依据沿河水文水质情况,布设6个实时水质监测点,并将环城河概化为5个河段。应用测得的水文水质数据对各河段不同时间点的含氮污染物负荷进行估算,初步研究了各河段NH3-N、TN负荷量的变化规律。通过对比上下游各河段含氮污染物负荷去除效果,分析调水效果的影响因素,总结个别河段调水效果不佳的原因,提出4条优化意见。并结合实际情况,选取其中可行性较强的1条对其有效性进行实验验证。     

Community diversity and distribution of ammonia-oxidizing archaea in marsh wetlands in the black soil zone in North-east China

AOA amoA genes in the soils of the two wetlands affiliated with three lineages. The main drivers of AOA community were pH and total organic carbon and ammonium. The soil characteristics rather than the vegetation control the AOA community. Since its first detection, ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) have been proven to be ubiquitous in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, two freshwater marsh wetlands- the Honghe wetland and Qixinghe wetland – in the black soil zone in North-east China were chosen to investigate the AOA community diversity and distribution in wetland soils with different vegetation and depth. In the Honghe wetland, two sampling locations were chosen as the dominant plant transited from Deyeuxia to Carex. In the Qixinghe wetland, one sample location that was dominated by Deyeuxia was chosen. Samples of each location were collected from three different depths, and Illumina MiSeq platform was used to generate the AOA amoA gene archive. The results showed that the AOA amoA genes in the soils of the two wetlands were affiliated with three lineages: Nitrososphaera, Nitrosotalea, and Nitrosopumilus clusters. The different dominant status of these AOA lineages indicated their differences in adapting to acidic habitat, oxygenic/hypoxic alternation, organic matter, and other environmental factors, suggesting high diversity among AOA in marsh soils. The main driver of the AOA community was pH, along with organic carbon and ammonium nitrogen, which also played an important role combined with many other environmental factors. Thus, soil physiochemical characteristics, rather than vegetation, were the main cause of AOA community diversity in the wetlands in the black soil zone in China.