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771.
本文用一种综合定量的方法,评价了四川盆地130个县的农业自然环境质量,获得了比传统的定性描述更直观、确切的结果。分析显示,四川盆地农业自然环境的自然潜力质量、生态质量和综合质量均属“一般”质量等级,并非通常所言“农业自然条件优越”:生态质量和自然潜力质量因盆地地形引起的各种质量因子的变化,有明显的区域差别。文中各种参评因子的量化及评价模型,可为农业自然环境质量评价研究提供参考。 相似文献
772.
Forrest E. Dierberg 《Environmental management》1992,16(3):371-380
Following a period of prolonged drought or intentional lake level drawdown, large littoral areas that once contained submersed
aquatic vegetation (SAV) are reinundated when lake levels rise. A complete assessment of the contribution made by decomposing
SAV to the in-lake phosphorus (P) concentration is important in both the management of Lake Okeechobee and understanding basic
P processes. The P contribution to the open waters of Lake Okeechobee from a rapid inundation of exposed SAV was calculated
by four methods: cores of field-desiccated SAV, cores of lab-desiccated SAV in the presence and absence of sediments, in situ
decomposition, and sequential macrophyte harvesting. P releases, given such an episodic event, were similar among the four
methods, ranging from 116±48 to 384±528 mg/m2 in the absence of sediment. When SAV is in contact with sediment, which is the realistic field situation, the amount of P
released was four times less (30±14 mg/m2) than in the absence of sediment. The calculated P releases would result in total P concentration increases in the lake from
2 to 15 μg/liter (upper 95% CI=2–25 μg/liter) in the absence of sediment; only 1 μg/liter increase was predicted when SAV
released P in contact with sediment. Thus it is unlikely that a significant rise in total P concentrations in the limnetic
zone of the lake would occur from the export of P released during the desiccation of SAV in the littoral-marsh zone during
a drawdown. 相似文献
773.
K. N. Irvine A. J. Eberhardt 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1992,28(2):385-396
ABSTRACT: Federal agencies in the U.S. and Canada continuously examine methods to improve understanding and forecasting of Great Lakes water level dynamics in an effort to reduce the negative impacts of fluctuating levels incurred by interests using the lakes. The short term, seasonal and long term water level dynamics of lakes Erie and Ontario are discussed. Multiplicative, seasonal ARIMA models are developed for lakes Erie and Ontario using standardized, monthly mean level data for the period 1900 to 1986. The most appropriate model identified for each lake had the general form: (1 0 1)(0 1 1)12. The data for each lake were subdivided by time periods (1900 to 1942;1 943 to 1986) and the model coefficients estimated for the subdivided data were similar, indicating general model stability for the entire period of record. The models estimated for the full data sets were used to forecast levels 1,2,3, and 6 months ahead for a period of high levels (1984 to 1986). The average absolute forecast error for Lake Erie was 0.049m, 0.076m, 0.091 m and 0.128m for the 1, 2,3, and 6 month forecasts, respectively. The average absolute forecast error for Lake Ontario was 0.058m, 0.095m, 0.120m and 0.136m for the 1,2,3, and 6 month forecasts, respectively. The ARIMA models provide additional information on water level time series structure and dynamics. The models also could be coordinated with current forecasting methods, possibly improving forecasting accuracy. 相似文献
774.
本文对东湖磷酸酶活力(PA)的来源,不同湖区活力水平的比较,及其与主要环境因子的关系作了初步研究。结果表明,东湖水柱中磷酸酶活力主要来自藻类,底泥中则主要来自细菌;在东湖磷浓度波动范围内,磷对碱性磷酸酶活力(ALPA)无明显抑制,实验室条件下相当于环境水平的磷浓度不能抑制PA;光照促进藻类PA的增加;溶解氧有利于藻类PA提高,对细菌PA则相反。 相似文献
775.
Christine A. Matthews 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1991,27(5):841-847
ABSTRACT: Southern California, now in its fifth consecutive year of drought, has always relied heavily on imported water from the Owens Valley, the State Water Project, and the Colorado River. For various reasons, these sources are now decreasing and water suppliers are being forced to look for new sources. One possible alternative is to store water obtained during peak supply periods for use during dry periods in ground water storage basins. The Santa Ana River Basin in Orange County has already been developed, and is being used to provide water to 25 cities in Orange County. The San Juan Basin, also in Orange County, is being studied as a possible future storage basin. This paper examines some of the positive and negative aspects of developing and using ground water storage basins in Southern California. 相似文献
776.
Phosphorus export by runoff from agricultural field plots with different crop cover in Lake Taihu watershed 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
IntroductionWatereutrophicationisoneoftheglobalenvironmentalproblems ,andagriculturalnonpointsourcepollutionhasbeengivenincreasedattention (Sharpley ,1994 ;Harris ,1995;Tiessen ,1995;Tonderski,1996;Daniel,1998) .Lakeeutrophicationhasbeenidentifiedasacriticalproblemofsur… 相似文献
777.
778.
Yin Chengqing 《环境科学学报(英文版)》1989,1(2):23-28
Yuxi River-Chaohu Lake water suffers greatly from the ecological problems of eutrophication, high turbidity, organic pollution, disappearance of littoral macrophyte, bank erosion and reduction of economic fishery products. With Micro-cystis dominant, it is a degenerated and weak ecosystem. Its vicious cycling is caused by too much nutrient load, high spring water level and improper management of the water. The point sources of pollution from cities and industries contribute more than 50% of nutrient load. Soil erosion and fertilizer loss from late rice fields are important factors in non-point nutrient load. The disappearing littoral zone can neither give enough protection for the bank nor provide proper habitats for the biota. The feasibility of " ecological water level proposal" and means to reduce nutrient load are discussed to improve the habitat environment for both the nature and human being. 相似文献
779.
780.
邛海非点源污染及模型参数的彩红外遥感航片率定 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
使用美国通过流失方程(USLE)并用彩红外遥感航片对其参数进行率定,计算出邛海流域6个自然集水区域的高地潜在侵蚀量。并用0.28的输沙系数计算出年流入湖中的泥沙为127.4万t,同时也计算了氮,磷的入湖量,文中还讨论USLE模型的邛海流域的适用性。 相似文献