Temporal variations of CO2 concentration near land surface and its response to meteorological variables in Heihe River Basin, northwest China

Atmospheric CO2 concentration (CC) near land surface and meteorological variables have been measured at four sites,named Yeniugou (alpine meadow and permafrost), Xishui (mountainous forest), Linze (oasis edge) and Ejina (lower desert),respectively, in Heihe River Basin, northwest China. The results showed that, the half hourly CC at night was larger than in daytime,and the daily averaged CC was the largest in winter. The averaged CC of 932 d at the Linze was about 418 ppm, was about 366 ppm in the 762 d at the Ejina. In the same period from September 23 to November 9, 2004, the averaged CC was about 625,334, 436 and 353 ppm, at Yeniugou, Xishui, Linze and Ejina, respectively. The linear relationship between daily averaged CC and air temperature T was negative, between CC and relative humidity (RH) was positive. The linear CC-atmospheric pressure (A P) relationship was negative at the Linze and Yeniugou, was positive at the Ejina. The relationship between CC and global radiation R was exponent, and soil temperature Ts was negative linear, and soil water content was complex. The correlation between CC and wind speed was not existent.Using meteorological variables together to simulate CC, could give good results.     

黄河流域区域发展优势与经济带生成可能

基于进化经济学和进化经济地理学的理论,文章重点讨论了黄河流域的区域发展优势和建成黄河流域经济带的可能性。研究从黄河流域发展的历史出发,论证了黄河流域经济发展的区域地理学本性(nature)条件和现实可能性:第一,黄河流域经济发展的区域地理学本性条件是,该区域已经完成了农业经济建设,出现了遍在性的工业化和经济区人口聚集,特别是经过长期聚集,黄河流域已经形成了中国的人口密集带,形成了具有区域发展优势的中原城市群。第二,在分析黄河流域区域发展优势基础上,提出建成“大中原-黄河经济带”的可能性及其发展途径,即在生态保护的前提下,坚持地理环境的鲁棒性建设,坚持城市创新发展,坚持发展新型产业。第三,地区发展政策重点应该关注中原城市群的工业化-城市化发育和一体化产业链的形成,根据新经济地理学理论,提倡城市产业专业化方向,打破省界限制,发挥经济区的地缘结构优势,在空间上与环渤海经济带融合,完成黄河流域经济带高质量发展的战略构想。     

东北四海龙湾玛珥湖年纹层的研究方法及初步成果

位于东北龙岗火山区的四海龙湾玛珥湖沉积物保存有清晰的年纹层,为进行高精度的纹层年代学研究和高分辨率的古气候重建提供了良好的材料。本文对四海龙湾玛珥湖岩芯钻取进行了简要的介绍,详细描述了进行纹层研究的岩相学大薄片的制备过程,并对这些过程中可能出现的操作失误进行了探讨。最后,介绍了四海龙湾玛珥湖年纹层的研究内容和方法以及已经取得的初步成果。     

洪湖营养盐时空分布特征及成因分析

洪湖是江汉平原重要的淡水水体.为了揭示洪湖营养盐时空分布特征和原因,开展了对洪湖为期一年的采样调查,连续采集12个月水样和一次沉积物样品,测定样品中营养盐含量.结果表明:(1)洪湖水体营养盐污染水平较高,除氨氮(NH4+-N)外,总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)难以达到Ⅱ类.(2)空间上有机物污染...     

Land-cover changes in an urban lake watershed in a mega-city, Central China

Urbanization can exert a profound influence on land covers and landscape characteristics. In this study, we characterize the impact of urbanization on land cover and lacustrine landscape and their consequences in a large urban lake watershed, Donghu Lake watershed (the largest urban lake in China), Central China, by using Landsat TM satellite images of three periods of 1987, 1993 and 1999 and ground-based information. We grouped the land covers into six categories: water body, vegetable land, forested land, shrub-grass land, open area and urban land, and calculated patch-related landscape indices to analyze the effects of urbanization on landscape features. We overlaid the land cover maps of the three periods to track the land cover change processes. The results indicated that urban land continuously expanded from 9.1% of the total watershed area in 1987, to 19.4% in 1993, and to 29.6% in 1999. The vegetable land increased from 7.0% in 1987, 11.9% in 1993, to 13.9% in 1999 to sustain the demands of vegetable for increased urban population. Concurrently, continuous reduction of other land cover types occurred between 1987 and 1999: water body decreased from 30.4% to 23.8%, and forested land from 33.6% to 24.3%. We found that the expansion of urban land has at least in part caused a decrease in relatively wild habitats, such as urban forest and lake water area. These alterations had resulted in significant negative environmental consequences, including decline of lakes, deterioration of water and air quality, and loss of biodiversity.     

PCB Levels and Trends Within the Detroit River-Western Lake Erie Basin: A Historical Perspective of Ecosystem Monitoring

An international workshop held in the spring of 2002 convened a group of technical experts to address monitoring, modeling, and management of PCBs within the Detroit River-Western Lake Erie basin. Participants shared and discussed a diverse set of research data bases pertaining to PCB levels within the region, discussed observed changes within different components of the local ecosystem, and identified several primary issues impacting future PCB management strategies. Results presented at the workshop indicate dramatic reductions in PCB contamination levels have been observed in much of study area between the late 1970s and mid-1990s. Estimates of loadings attributable to water and atmospheric sources have generally declined, as have PCB concentrations in herring gull eggs, smelt and walleye. Nevertheless, additional improvements have not been observed during recent years and elevated contamination levels remain a concern within local hot spots, particularly in the lower Detroit River and Trenton Channel. A primary recommendation broadly supported by workshop participants is the need to maintain, support, and coordinate a comprehensive ecosystem monitoring program for the Detroit River-Western Lake Erie basin, one that incorporates both near-field and far-field monitoring elements. Such a program is crucial to provide necessary data in support of understanding ecosystem trends, calculating annual mass loadings to the system, assessing impacts of remediation actions, developing improved modeling frameworks, and formulating cost-effective management strategies for the future.     

The Status of Pesticide Residues in the Drinking Water Sources in Meiliangwan Bay, Taihu Lake of China

The study was carried out to assess the levels of pesticide residues in the water of Meiliangwan Bay, Taihu Lake of China. The most commonly employed organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) and herbicide atrazine were analyzed. The water samples were collected seasonally from Meiliangwan Bay within a period of one year. The pesticides were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) with μECD or NPD after solid-phase extraction (SPE), which was confirmed by GC with an ion trap mass spectrometry (MS). The mean concentrations were 1.98 ng/l for lindane, 0.378 ng/l for heptachlor epoxide, 0.367 ng/l for p,p′-DDE, 0.496 ng/l for p,p′-DDD, 1.06 ng/l for p,p′-DDT and 51.6 ng/l for dichlorvos, 39.0 ng/l for demeton, 346 ng/l for dimethoate, 4.12 ng/l for methyl parathion, 11.6 ng/l for malathion, 2.17 ng/l for parathion and 217 ng/l for atrazine. Generally, low concentrations of OCP were found, whereas the concentrations of the OPPs and atrazine in the water of Taihu Lake were relatively high. Heptachlor epoxide and lindane were the two most commonly encountered OCPs while dichlorvos, demeton and dimethoate were found to have much higher concentrations and occurrences than other OPPs.     

合肥市环巢湖地区种植业面源污染监测与评价

通过2016—2018年在合肥市环巢湖5个县区主要农田周边沟渠中采集水样,监测农田氮磷流失浓度,并评价该区域种植业面源污染状况.结果表明,这3年该区域种植业TN、TP流失的平均质量浓度分别为3.48 mg/L、0.602 mg/L,均高于地表水Ⅴ类水质标准.2016年与2017年TN、TP浓度差异不大,2018年较前两...     

海河流域植物中碳的输出(或存留)量和土壤中的库存量

研究了海河流域地区植物中碳的输出量和土壤库存量。结果指出：不同作物－土壤系统中各种作物碳的输出量和归还量有很大不同,作物碳输出量一般为归还量的３－１７倍;海河流域地区不同子流域土壤中碳的库存量也有差异,以滹沱河子流域土壤碳的库存量最高,大清河子流域土壤中碳的库存量最低。     

稀土元素对富营养化水体中藻类增长的影响

利用藻类生长潜力测试方法,在太湖五里湖区水样中分别添加不同浓度轻,中、重３种稀土元素、Ｇｄ（Ⅲ）、Ｙ（Ⅲ）与３种稀土混合物,研究稀土元素对富营养化水体中藻类增长的影响。