层状氢氧化镁铝在环境治理中的应用

层状氢氧化镁铝是一种新型无机材料.近年来,层状氢氧化镁铝及其焙烧产物在废水中有机污染物和有害阴离子的脱除、大气中SOx治理等环境治理中表现出良好的效果.     

In vitro anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging properties of Oldenlandia auricularia

Abstract

The in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of extract of Oldenlandia auricularia with 70% aqueous alcohol have been evaluated. The inhibition of nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells in lipopolysaccharide stimulated murine macrophage cells was evaluated. Messenger ribonucleic acid levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and cyclooxygenase-2 were analysed by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. O. auricularia (100?mg/L) showed better anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities when compared to its lower doses, whereas the standard drugs curcumin and diclofenac sodium showed significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential. Treatment at this concentration inhibited the signalling pathway of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and messenger ribonucleic acid expression of tumor necrosis factor- α, and cyclooxygenase-2. Liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry revealed the presence of previously reported compounds auricularine, ursolic acid and β-sitosterol. The observed anti-inflammatory property of O. auricularia could be due to the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells p65 sub unit nuclear translocation and inhibition of its signalling pathway.     

关于连接式双管板换热器强度胀接工艺研究

针对连接式双管板冷凝器制造中的难点和关键点---换热管与壳程管板（即内管板）强度胀接工艺,进行了试验与研究。确定了合理的胀管率、胀接遍数等工艺参数,并应用在某公司氯甲烷冷凝器产品的制造中,达到了预期的效果。     

Cadmium removal from Cd-contaminated soils using some natural and synthetic chelates for enhancing phytoextraction

The influence of a natural (citric acid) and two synthetic chelates (HEDTA, EGTA) on Cd phytoextraction with radish was studied. The experiment was conducted with Cd treatments including 0 (control), 5, 20, 60 and 100?mg?Cd?kg^?1 soil. When plants were fully developed, the designated HEDTA, EGTA and citric acid were applied to establish experimental treatments. Ten days after chelate applications, soil and plant samples were taken. Results indicated that synthetic chelates can considerably increase Cd concentration in soil solution compared with citric acid. Among the applied chelates, HEDTA provided more significant influences on soil solution. Cadmium concentration in both shoots and roots of radish was increased due to enhancing influence of chelate applications on Cd concentration in soil solution. Cadmium concentration in radish shoots was more than that of roots. This can be attributed to higher bioavailability and solubility of Cd in soil solution. In all treatments which received HEDTA, the cadmium concentration in both shoots and roots of radish was increased more than that of other applied chelates. Although HEDTA is more efficient in phytoextracting Cd than other chelates, due to durability of synthetic chelates toxic effects on soils, we recommend using larger amounts of light acids.     

Behavior of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Pb, Ni,and Zn at the soil/plant interface around an uncontrolled landfill (Casablanca,Morocco)

The present work undertaken in the environmental context aims to study the distribution of heavy metals in plants that grow naturally around uncontrolled landfills. The study's goal was to identify plants that can be used to remediate contaminated soils. For this purpose, 14 plants species and their rhizospheric soil samples were collected and analyzed for arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc by inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectrometry. The results showed the presence of elevated metal concentrations in soil, many exceeding the regulatory values, and that many species exhibited an ability to accumulate multiple metals in their shoots and roots without sustaining toxicity. This was confirmed by bioconcentration and translocation factors generally higher than 1.     

绿洲土壤Cd-Ni复合污染对油菜生长及吸收的影响

以干旱区绿洲灰漠土为供试土壤,油菜（Brassica campestris L.）为供试蔬菜,采用盆栽试验及Tessier连续浸提形态分级方法,研究了Cd-Ni复合污染在干旱区绿洲土壤中的形态分布规律及其对油菜的生物有效性.结果表明,当土壤受外源Cd-Ni复合污染后,Cd、Ni的活性随着胁迫浓度的增加而增大.与对照相较,外源Cd-Ni复合胁迫后,Cd的主要赋存形态仍为碳酸盐结合态,而Ni的主要赋存形态由残渣态转化为铁锰氧化物结合态.Cd-Ni复合胁迫对油菜的生长表现为先促后抑;油菜各部位的Cd、Ni含量均随着Cd-Ni复合胁迫水平的升高而增加,Cd主要富集在油菜茎叶中,而Ni则主要富集在油菜根部.富集系数结果表明,油菜各部位Cd的富集系数均大于1,而Ni的富集系数均小于1;迁移系数结果表明,Cd的迁移系数大于Ni,Cd更易从土壤中进入油菜根部,并转运至茎叶,Ni的生物可利用性低于Cd.对油菜吸收Cd最重要的形态为碳酸盐结合态,根系和茎叶吸收Ni最重要的形态分别为有机结合态和可交换态.     

磷和硫对空心菜吸收砷的影响

本文通过水培空心菜中砷与磷以及砷与硫配比试验,研究PO4和AsO43-以及SO42-和AsO43-共存对空心菜生长及砷累积的影响.结果表明:5ng·l-1(以元素计,以下同)PO43-或SO42-时,AsO43-显著降低空心菜产量,PO43-和SO42-含量提高到3O—100mg·l-1时,空心菜产量明显提高.前者因空心菜在低磷或低硫条件下累积高量砷中毒所致,后者则与磷和硫强烈抑制空心菜积累积砷.解除其砷毒胁迫有关.在30mg·l-1PO43-和SO42-时,0.2mg As·l-1促进空心菜生长,但在100mg·l-1PO43-和SO42-时.没发现这种现象,表明微电机量砷有利于空心菜生长.而过量磷和硫阻抑砷有益作用的发挥.     

外源植物激素喷施对三叶鬼针草修复镉污染土壤的影响

为了探究外源植物激素喷施对超积累植物吸收重金属的影响,以三叶鬼针草（Bidens pilosa L.）为供试植物,通过叶面喷施3种不同浓度的6-苄基腺嘌呤（6-BA）、水杨酸（SA）和24-表油菜素甾醇（24-EBR）,研究外源植物激素喷施对三叶鬼针草修复镉（Cd）污染的影响.结果表明,分别喷施适宜浓度的3种外源植物激素：①高效强化三叶鬼针草修复Cd污染土壤效果,使植株叶部Cd含量分别增加4.21%、31.79%和14.89%,使转运系数（TF）分别提高9.67%、18.83%和17.85%,使植株提取效率（PR）分别提高15.36%、32.33%和64.38%;②显著促进三叶鬼针草的生长,使植株地上部干重分别增加了37.53%、74.50%和104.02%;③显著增强三叶鬼针草的光合作用,使植株叶绿素a含量分别提高了79.31%、92.27%和51.12%,此时光化学猝灭系数（qP）分别提高11.32%、89.16%和78.43%,非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）分别提高51.71%、241.12%和27.85%;④显著强化三叶鬼针草抗氧化能力,使得植株丙二醛（MDA）浓度分别降低了62.41%、68.67%和46.76%,使超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性分别提高了68.33%、10.28%和6.17%,过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性分别提高了31.43%、37.87%和37.31%.综上所述,Cd胁迫下喷施适宜浓度的外源6-BA、SA和24-EBR可显著提高三叶鬼针草生物量,促进重金属在植株体内富集;提升植株光合作用能力,降低重金属胁迫对植株的氧化损伤,增强抗氧化能力,提高植株对于Cd的吸收和耐受性;促进植株根部Cd向地上部转移,提高植株对重金属Cd的提取效率,高效强化植株修复效果,其中以30 mg ·L^-1 SA叶面喷施效果最佳.