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141.
Shawna J. Zimmerman;Cameron L. Aldridge;Michael A. Schroeder;Jennifer A. Fike;Robert Scott Cornman;Sara J. Oyler-McCance; 《Conservation biology》2024,38(4):e14254
Conservation translocations are an important conservation tool commonly employed to augment declining or reestablish extirpated populations. One goal of augmentation is to increase genetic diversity and reduce the risk of inbreeding depression (i.e., genetic rescue). However, introducing individuals from significantly diverged populations risks disrupting coadapted traits and reducing local fitness (i.e., outbreeding depression). Genetic data are increasingly more accessible for wildlife species and can provide unique insight regarding the presence and retention of introduced genetic variation from augmentation as an indicator of effectiveness and adaptive similarity as an indicator of source and recipient population suitability. We used 2 genetic data sets to evaluate augmentation of isolated populations of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in the northwestern region of the species range (Washington, USA) and to retrospectively evaluate adaptive divergence among source and recipient populations. We developed 2 statistical models for microsatellite data to evaluate augmentation outcomes. We used one model to predict genetic diversity after augmentation and compared these predictions with observations of genetic change. We used the second model to quantify the amount of observed reproduction attributed to transplants (proof of population integration). We also characterized genome-wide adaptive divergence among source and recipient populations. Observed genetic diversity (HO = 0.65) was higher in the recipient population than predicted had no augmentation occurred (HO = 0.58) but less than what was predicted by our model (HO = 0.75). The amount of shared genetic variation between the 2 geographically isolated resident populations increased, which is evidence of periodic gene flow previously assumed to be rare. Among candidate adaptive genes associated with elevated fixation index (FST) (143 genes) or local environmental variables (97 and 157 genes for each genotype–environment association method, respectively), we found clusters of genes with related functions that may influence the ability of transplants to use local resources and navigate unfamiliar environments and their reproductive potential, all possible reasons for low genetic retention from augmentation. 相似文献
142.
氯/溴取代有机污染物具有持久性、毒性、蓄积性,对人类健康造成威胁,成为环境科学研究热点.以南瓜作为模型植物,通过土壤或水培培养及影响因素分析,探究氯/溴取代有机污染物在植物中的吸收、迁移和转化规律,对明晰其环境行为、生态风险评价等具有重要意义.本文在现有的研究基础上总结了模式植物的培养方案设置,氯/溴取代有机污染物在南瓜幼苗中的吸收途径、迁移形式、转化过程,分析了影响吸收和迁移速率的主要因素.氯/溴取代有机污染物的吸收途径包括：南瓜幼苗的根系从土壤或水中吸收有机污染物,南瓜幼苗的叶片从空气中吸收有机污染物;迁移形式包括：南瓜幼苗的根系吸收的有机污染物向上迁移至茎、叶,南瓜幼苗的叶片吸收的有机污染物向下迁移至茎、根;转化主要过程包括：脱卤反应、卤原子重排、裂解反应、羟基化反应、甲基化反应、去甲基化反应、糖基化反应、去糖基化反应.氯/溴取代有机污染物自身的物理化学性质是影响吸收和迁移速率的主要因素.本文对氯/溴取代有机污染物在南瓜中的环境行为进行总结,有助于明晰有机污染物在环境中的生物地球化学循环,为环境健康研究提供借鉴. 相似文献
143.
本文通过文献梳理,分析了全(多)氟烷基化合物(PFAS)对植物的暴露途径;统计了已发表文献中36种植物对19种PFAS的转运、富集特征;系统地阐释了PFAS从环境介质到植物组织内的迁移、积累机制;讨论了PFAS分子结构(如全氟碳链长度、头部官能团)、植物生理特性、环境因素对该富集过程的影响,并提出了未来有关植物富集PFAS可关注的重点和方向,以期能深入认识PFAS在环境介质-植物根际-植物组织内的赋存与迁移转化特征,更好地管控评估PFAS污染场地并制定植物修复方案,为开展生态与健康风险评价提供参考。 相似文献
144.
145.
不同磷浓度下水稻短根突变体与野生型对五价砷吸收和转运的差异 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究水稻根形态及磷营养状况对水稻吸收和转运五价砷的调控作用,采用水培的方法,研究了在不同外部磷浓度(0、10、50、150、300μM KH2PO4)下水稻(Oryza sativa L.)短根突变体与野生型短期内对五价砷(10μM Na3AsO4)吸收和转运的差异.结果表明,水稻根形态(短根突变体与野生型)和磷营养状况均能对水稻吸收和转运五价砷产生显著影响:1)磷能竞争性抑制水稻对五价砷的吸收,随营养液中磷浓度的增加,水稻地上部和地下部五价砷含量、单位根干重砷吸收量(根系砷吸收能力)均显著降低;2)水稻短根突变体对五价砷的吸收能力低于野生型,但转运能力高于野生型. 相似文献
146.
为研究棉花秸秆生物质炭添加对碱性水稻土壤-水稻体系中镉迁移转化的影响,通过室外盆栽试验,以水稻品种特丰优2号为试验材料,在添加外源镉含量为0、 1、 4和8 mg·kg-1的碱性水稻土中分别施入炭土质量比分别为0%、 1%、 2.5%和5%的棉花秸秆生物质炭,待水稻收获后,分析不同含量镉胁迫处理下,施用不同量棉秆炭对碱性水稻土壤pH、养分和水稻体内镉富集、转移情况及镉在土壤中的赋存形态的影响.结果表明:①添加棉秆炭可以显著提高土壤养分(P<0.05),其中5%量的棉秆炭添加后,相比于对照组土壤有机质增加了25.74～47.53%,速效钾提高了3.16～4.25倍.②施用生物质炭可以显著降低土壤及水稻体内镉含量(P<0.05),尤其5%量的棉秆炭施用后,Cd4和Cd8含量下糙米镉含量分别由0.31 mg·kg-1和0.43 mg·kg-1降低到0.15 mg·kg-1和0.10 mg·kg-1,达到国家标准范围.生物质炭可以显著降低镉在土壤-水稻体系的富集、转移系数,... 相似文献
147.
148.
Holly S. Bradley Sean Tomlinson Michael D. Craig Adam T. Cross Philip W. Bateman 《Conservation biology》2022,36(1):e13667
Mitigation translocation is a subgroup of conservation translocation, categorized by a crisis-responsive time frame and the immediate goal of relocating individuals threatened with death. However, the relative successes of conservation translocations with longer time frames and broader metapopulation- and ecosystem-level considerations have been used to justify the continued implementation of mitigation translocations without adequate post hoc monitoring to confirm their effectiveness as a conservation tool. Mitigation translocations now outnumber other conservation translocations, and understanding the effectiveness of mitigation translocations is critical given limited global conservation funding especially if the mitigation translocations undermine biodiversity conservation by failing to save individuals. We assessed the effectiveness of mitigation translocations by conducting a quantitative review of the global literature. A total of 59 mitigation translocations were reviewed for their adherence to the adaptive scientific approach expected of other conservation translocations and for the testing of management options to continue improving techniques for the future. We found that mitigation translocations have not achieved their potential as an effective applied science. Most translocations focused predominantly on population establishment- and persistence-level questions, as is often seen in translocations more broadly, and less on metapopulation and ecosystem outcomes. Questions regarding the long-term impacts to the recipient ecosystem (12% of articles) and the carrying capacity of translocation sites (24% of articles) were addressed least often, despite these factors being more likely to influence ultimate success. Less than half (47%) of studies included comparison of different management techniques to facilitate practitioners selecting the most effective management actions for the future. To align mitigation translocations with the relative success of other conservation translocations, it is critical that future mitigation translocations conform to an established experimental approach to improve their effectiveness. Effective mitigation translocations will require significantly greater investment of time, expertise, and resources in the future. 相似文献
149.
150.