A/A系统反硝化除磷的强化及其稳定性研究

利用厌氧/缺氧(A/A)SBR,试验研究了选择和富集反硝化除磷菌(DPB)的条件.结果表明,采用电子供体和电子受体充分分开的两段进水方式运行,当厌氧段进水COD与缺氧段投加硝酸盐质量浓度为300 mg.L-1、50 mg.L-1,pH值约为7.0时,DPB可快速成为系统中的优势菌群,系统可达到良好的反硝化聚磷效果;将前述系统改变为一段进水方式运行后,系统仍具有良好的反硝化聚磷效果.在进水磷浓度同为20 mg.L-1下,在缺氧段投加磷的运行方式比在厌氧段投加磷的运行方式更能提高系统的除磷能力.     

多种抗生素对畜禽废水厌氧消化的联合抑制

为研究各种抗生素组合对猪场废水厌氧发酵的影响以及各种抗生素之间的相互作用关系,根据正交试验方案,通过分批培养,对阿莫西林、金霉素、磺胺二甲基氧、氟苯尼考4种抗生素的联合抑制作用进行了研究.结果表明,阿莫西林210 mg/L、金霉素10 mg/L、磺胺二甲基氧210 mg/L、氟苯尼考130 mg/L的组合对产甲烷的抑制率为87.8%,而4种抗生素浓度均为10mg/L的组合对产甲烷速率不但没有抑制影响,反而有促进作用.4种抗生素对产甲烷抑制作用的显著性依次为:金霉素阿莫西林氟苯尼考磺胺二甲基氧.4种抗生素两两之间呈现不同的互作类型,除氟苯尼考和磺胺二甲基氧、氟苯尼考和阿莫西林呈现相关加关系外,其余2种抗生素之间均表现为拮抗关系.     

含水率对生活垃圾甲烷化过程的影响

采用批式实验,通过分析产气量和气、液相组成的变化,比较了含水率分别在35%、65%～70%（田间持水率）、 80%和>95%（饱和含水率）的条件下,不同食物类废物和纤维素类废物含量的典型法国生活垃圾和中国生活垃圾以及纤维素类废物厌氧产甲烷过程的差异.结果表明,对于含易腐有机物的生活垃圾,提高含水率能够削弱VFA等中间产物对水解酸化和甲烷化的抑制作用：典型法国生活垃圾大量产甲烷所需的含水率不应低于80%,而有机物含量更高的典型中国生活垃圾直至含水率达到96%时,反应体系内快速产甲烷过程才能得以进行;同时,提高生活垃圾的含水率也有利于加速其厌氧产甲烷过程和提高甲烷的最终产量,含水率>95%的法国生活垃圾反应体系的最终甲烷产量是含水率为80%时产量的1.6倍.而对于纤维素类废物,提高含水率则能改善水分在水解和酸化过程中的可获得性,从而增大甲烷化的底物可获得量,含水率>95%的纤维素类废物反应体系的甲烷最终产量是含水率为65%时产量的3.8倍.     

Nitrogen removal via nitrite from municipal landfill leachate

A system consisting of a two-stage up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), an anoxic/aerobic (A/O) reactor and a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), was used to treat landfill leachate. During operation, denitrification and methanogenesis took place simultaneously in the first stage UASB, and the e uent chemical oxygen demand (COD) was further removed in the second stage UASB. Then the denitrification of nitrite and nitrate in the returned sludge by using the residual COD was accomplished in the A/O reactor, and ammonia was removed via nitrite in it. Last but not least, the residual ammonia was removed in SBR as well as nitrite and nitrate which were produced by nitrification. The results over 120 d (60 d for phase I and 60 d for phase II) were as follows: when the total nitrogen (TN) concentration of influent leachate was about 2500 mg/L and the ammonia nitrogen concentration was about 2000 mg/L, the shortcut nitrification with 85%–90% nitrite accumulation was achieved stably in the A/O reactor. The TN and ammonia nitrogen removal e ciencies of the system were 98% and 97%, respectively. The residual ammonia, nitrite and nitrate produced during nitrification in the A/O reactor could be washed out almost completely in SBR. The TN and ammonia nitrogen concentrations of final e uent were about 39 mg/L and 12 mg/L, respectively.     

超声波-缺氧/好氧消化过程污泥EPS、酶活性及菌落数的变化研究

为研究超声波促进污泥缺氧/好氧消化的机理,采用最佳超声波参数（超声频率28kHz,超声密度0.1W.mL-1,超声时间15min,超声间隔时间12h）与缺氧/好氧消化衔接进行间歇试验,研究了消化过程中污泥胞外聚合物（EPS）组分（蛋白质、多糖、DNA）和相应溶出物占总量的比例,以及酶活性（蛋白酶,脱氢酶）和菌落数的变化...     

生物质秸秆静态与动态厌氧消化产甲烷潜能对比研究

中温(32~35℃)环境下,通过对固含率为15%三种不同粒径的发酵物料(0.5 cm以下、1~2 cm、3~5 cm)的厌氧消化过程分析,并且对固含率20%、25%、30%与带消化液回流的厌氧发酵实验研究,结果表明:三种不同粒径发酵物料产气量最大的是<0.5 cm,其次依次为1~2 cm,3~5 cm,考虑到粒径小容易酸化的原因,选择秸秆厌氧消化的粒径范围0.5~2.0 cm;小麦秸秆无回流间歇发酵的产气率可达到每立方米发酵物料2~3 m3/d,带消化液回流的厌氧发酵产气率达到2.2 m3/(m3.d);初始固含率8%的发酵物料经过消化液回流、排剩,最终发酵物的固含率为16.4%;小麦秸秆无回流间歇发酵产甲烷潜能最大达249.0 m3/t,对应的固含率为25%,带消化液回流的厌氧发酵产甲烷潜能达223.06 m3/t。     

Effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and its sludge dewaterability

To investigate the effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and sludge dewaterability and further to probe into the influencing factors on sludge dewaterability, sludge flocs were stratified into four fractions: (1) slime; (2) loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS); (3) tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS); and (4) EPS-free pellets. The results showed that ultrasonic pretreatment increased the anaerobic digestion efficiency by 7%–8%. Anaerobic digestion without ultrasonic pretreatment deteriorated the sludge dewaterability, with the capillary suction time (CST) increased from 1.42 to 47.3 (sec L)/g-TSS. The application of ultrasonic pretreatment firstly deteriorated the sludge dewaterability (normalized CST increased to 44.4 (sec L)/g-TSS), while subsequent anaerobic digestion offset this effect and ultimately decreased the normalized CST to 23.2 (sec L)/g-TSS. The dewaterability of unsonicated sludge correlated with protein (p = 0.003) and polysaccharide (p = 0.004) concentrations in the slime fraction, while that of sonicated sludge correlated with protein concentrations in the slime and LB-EPS fractions (p < 0.05). Fluorescent excitationemission matrix analysis showed that the fluorescence matters in the LB-EPS fraction significantly correlated with sludge dewaterability during anarobic digestion.     

生态浮床与人工湿地净水效果比较小试研究

生态浮床和人工湿地都是近年来在国内外采用的用于净化水质的生态修复的方法,该文章主要研究了静态条件以及不同水力负荷下,种植黄菖蒲的生态浮床与人工湿地的净水效果.试验期间进水高锰酸盐指数、TN、TP、NH<,4><'+>-N平均质量浓度分别为4.74 mg/L、2.92mg/L、0.26 mgL、1.77 mg/L.结果表...     

微生物来源对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化产氢的影响

微生物来源对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化产氢的影响很大。在添加剂抑制耗氢菌的前提下,单独一种接种的条件下,剩余污泥的产氢效果是最好的,氢气的浓度和产量都最大,分别为47.1%和100.0 mLH2/g VS,其次是矿化污泥和矿化垃圾,颗粒污泥体系氢气的产量最少,分别为88.6 mLH2/g VS,57.8 mLH2/g VS和36.8 mLH2/g VS,其中颗粒污泥体系产生了甲烷气体而另外3中反应体系中并未检测到甲烷。污泥和矿化污泥混合后,在实验时间内,能够提高氢气的产量到106.4 mLH2/g VS,其余的混合体系的氢气的浓度和产量都较单独的剩余污泥体系的差。     

PAM影响剩余污泥与酒精糟液高温共厌氧消化研究

为了使共厌氧消化技术在实际生产中得到应用,研究了广泛使用的絮凝剂阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)对剩余污泥与酒精糟液高温共厌氧消化的影响,并考察了不同搅拌强度消除PAM的影响.结果表明,阳离子PAM的含量越高,对共厌氧消化反应影响越明显,相对高的搅拌速度有利用消除高分子PAM对质子传输的束缚作用,增加厌氧微生物与污泥的接触机...