卤代苯类化合物光解速率与结构参数关系的研究

研究了5种卤代苯类化合物在水相中的光解速率,以及罗丹明B的影响。结果表明,罗丹明B不同程度地提高了它们的光解速率。HMO法计算的键级、E_HOMO,E_LUMO与光解速率常数存在良好的多元线性关系,3个结构参数对速率常数的影响可对实验现象作出解释.      

Dual-reaction-center catalytic process continues Fenton’s story

• Dual-reaction-center (DRC) system breaks through bottleneck of Fenton reaction. • Utilization of intrinsic electrons of pollutants is realized in DRC system. • DRC catalytic process well continues Fenton’s story. Triggered by global water quality safety issues, the research on wastewater treatment and water purification technology has been greatly developed in recent years. The Fenton technology is particularly powerful due to the rapid attack on pollutants by the generated hydroxyl radicals (•OH). However, both heterogeneous and homogeneous Fenton/Fenton-like technologies follow the classical reaction mechanism, which depends on the oxidation and reduction of the transition metal ions at single sites. So even after a century of development, this reaction still suffers from its inherent bottlenecks in practical application. In recent years, our group has been focusing on studying a novel heterogeneous Fenton catalytic process, and we developed the dual-reaction-center (DRC) system for the first time. In the DRC system, H₂O₂ and O₂ can be efficiently reduced to reactive oxygen species (ROS) in electron-rich centers, while pollutants are captured and oxidized by the electron-deficient centers. The obtained electrons from pollutants are diverted to the electron-rich centers through bonding bridges. This process breaks through the classic Fenton mechanism, and improves the performance and efficiency of pollutant removal in a wide pH range. Here, we provide a brief overview of Fenton’s story and focus on combing the discovery and development of the DRC technology and mechanism in recent years. The construction of the DRC and its performance in the pollutant degradation and interfacial reaction process are described in detail. We look forward to bringing a new perspective to continue Fenton’s story through research and development of DRC technology.     

双排气管车辆排气取样检测研究

双排气管汽油车进行尾气检测时,环保监管部门的监管要求与环保尾气检测机构的实际操作常存在分歧。对于双排气管汽油车究竟插入几个取样探头测试,才能准确、科学地检测出尾气中的含量浓度,从而对尾气检测结果做出公正准确的判断,从检测标准要求、比对实验方法验证、排气管构造图解析3个方面对该问题进行了讨论。     

信息家电远程控制系统及其安全

利用蓝牙技术构建信息家电网络,通过Internet或PSTN(公共交换电话网)对信息家电实现远程控制。笔者给出了基于蓝牙技术的信息家电网络的组成,设计了基于PSTN的远程控制系统。系统采用单片机控制,用户可使用固定电话或手机,根据系统提供的语音提示对其进行远程控制。输入初始密码,由双音多频收号器接收密码,并由系统进行验证,只有正确输入密码,用户才有权对系统进行操作,且可连续对信息家电系统中多个设备实施远程控制。初始密码验证通过后,用户可以根据语音提示很方便地进行密码的设置和修改。通过设置密码和蓝牙技术的安全机制,提供了信息家电网络和远程控制系统的安全保障。     

甲烷-煤尘爆炸波与障碍物相互作用的数值研究

为了探讨煤矿瓦斯和煤尘爆炸的物理机制 ,基于对甲烷和煤尘爆炸传播的理论分析 ,采用数值模拟方法研究障碍物对甲烷和煤尘爆炸传播的影响 ;为了更系统地考虑颗粒相各种输运特性、相间滑移和耦合 ,采用双流体模型建立了数学模型 ,该模型的出发点是把颗粒群和气体都作为连续介质 ,两者相互渗透充满整个空间形成没有间隙的“流体”———拟流体 ,在欧拉坐标系下考虑气 -固两相流动 ,气相和颗粒相的计算网格统一 ,易于处理。数值方法采用LU分解和迎风TVD格式分别处理对流项的隐式和显式部分 ,扩散项采用中心差分 ;同时研究了不同形状的障碍物对流场的影响 ,计算结果与实验吻合较好     

基于RBF和PSO的双喉道气动矢量喷管优化设计

本文探索了一种能多变量综合优化的方法,即对喷管进行参数化设计后,用均匀试验设计(UED)将试验样本均匀散布在设计区间内,求出各性能参数后,利用径向基神经网络(RBF)对试验样本进行拟合,再用粒子群算法(PSO)对训练好的神经网络进行寻优,找出了更好的双喉道气动矢量喷管设计参数组合。数值模拟结果显示,优化后的双喉道气动矢量喷管的矢量角有了明显提高。试验表明这种优化方法具有很好的优化能力,可以用来对喷管几何外形进行参数优化。      

Screening hydroxyapatite for cadmium and lead immobilization in aqueous solution and contaminated soil: The role of surface area

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) has been widely used to immobilize many cationic metals in water and soils. The specific reason why an increase in the surface area of HAP enhances cadmium (Cd) uptake, but has no effect on lead (Pb) uptake, is not clear. The aim of this study was to determine the factors causing the differences in sorption behavior between Cd and Pb by evaluating HAPs with different surface areas. We synthesized HAPs with two different surface areas, which were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N₂ adsorption, and scanning electron microscopy, and then evaluated them as sorbents for Cd and Pb removal by testing in single and binary systems. The sorption capacity of large surface area HAP (1.85 mmol/g) for Cd in the single-metal system was higher than that of small surface area HAP (0.64 mmol/g), but there were no differences between single- and binary-metal solutions containing Pb. After the Cd experiments, the HAP retained a stable structure and intact morphology, which promotes the accessibility of reactive sites for Cd. However, a newly formed precipitate covered the surface and blocked the channels in the presence of Pb, which reduced the number of potential adsorption sites on HAP for Cd and Pb. Remediation experiments using Cd- and Pb-contaminated soil produced similar results to the solution tests. These results indicate that alterations of the structure and morphology during the reaction is an important factor influencing metal sorption to HAP.     

县域产业结构转型升级对策研究——以生态文明为视角

目前,生态文明视角下县域经济产业结构调整面临着工业化快速发展和生态环境日益恶化的局面,面对新的挑战,一方面必须大力发展县域绿色经济、建立县域生态消费保障机制;另一方面要转变传统产业发展模式,通过以产业结构重组实现产业结构生态化,推进生态产业发展,从而创造出一种由生态产业支撑的循环经济发展模式。     

企事业单位的震害预测

本文给出了企事业单位的震害预测方法。其特点是:与当地地震危险性分析和场地地震动参数相结合;把结构的整体动力计算与薄弱部位抗震构件验算和普查结果相结合;把建筑物的震害预测与震害调查和试验研究结果相结合。     

基于C/S结构的多用户GPS移动定位与远程追踪系统的研究与设计

随着无线网络的发展,地理信息突破了无法随身携带的限制,可以通过手持设备获取对象的地理信息。讨论了多用户GPS移动定位追踪系统的研究与设计。该系统的设计基于C/S结构,采用移动端智能系统、Socket通信、多线程等方法,把数据传输到中心数据库服务器;用户可以从屏幕上实时观察、精确定位多个对象(包括个人,车辆等)的地理位置,计算行进速度,并且可以看出运动轨迹等。这套系统可以应用于应急疏散、油气井、化工厂、军工等各个安全生产领域。