重庆市碳排放现状及低碳经济发展战略研究

低碳经济以低能耗、低污染、低排放为基础,是当今世界减缓温室气体排放、应对气候变化的最佳经济发展模式。本文初步估算了重庆市包括二氧化碳排放总量、人均排放量、万元GDP排放强度等碳排放现状,分析了近年来全市碳排放减缓的趋势以及二氧化碳排放来源解析的结果,探讨了重庆市低碳发展的良好基础,提出了重庆市发展低碳经济的战略取向、战略目标、战略重点和战略措施建议,描绘了重庆市低碳发展的行动路线图,认为低碳经济是重庆市转变经济发展方式、实现可持续发展的必然选择。     

Surfer软件在半封闭海湾环境质量综合评价中的应用研究

在介绍Surfer软件的基本原理的基础上,结合2012年胶州湾39个监测点位的水质数据,说明利用Surfer软件制作主要污染物等值线分布图及水质类别分布图的主要步骤,对水质分布类别和点位水质类别的一致性以及其中需注意的问题进行了探讨。利用Surfer软件制作半封闭海域的环境质量专题图件,水质分布情况更为明晰,可以为环境质量综合评价提供有效依据。     

沈阳地区大气腐蚀调查研究

在沈阳市市区及郊区、新民及辽中两县乡村大气中，进行A3钢及锌历时两年的大气暴露试验，绘制了两种材料在沈阳地区的大气腐蚀图，讨论了大气环境因素对材料大气腐蚀的影响规律，并与同期西南酸雨地区的暴露试验结果进行了对比研究。     

基于化学分析和气象信息综合表征大气铅污染

对天津市1998年11月-1999年2月期间21个玻璃纤维滤膜大气颗粒物样品,采用稀酸浸出法溶解后,测量了ρ(Pb),w(Pb)和同位素丰度比206Pb/207Pb.采用IDAS软件对样品进行聚类分析,分组的结果表明,在不同的天气条件下,各种污染源排放的贡献也不同.48 h反向风迹图提供了大量详实的气象信息,结合ρ(TSP),ρ(Pb),w(Pb)和同位素丰度比的数据,可用于综合表征铅污染的状况.      

中国独立型环境税方案设计及其效应分析

环境税是当前国家正在推进的一项重要的环境经济政策改革。本研究从分析环境税的内涵和实施基础出发,提出了我国独立型环境税税制设计方案,对污染排放税目、污染产品税目、生态保护税目和碳排放税目的具体税制要素进行了设计,测算了不同组合方案下的环境税可能收入水平。利用环境CGE模型分析了环境税征收对GDP、物价、生产、消费、贸易和要素资源配置的影响,提出了环境税的实施路线图。     

滑坡灾害危险性评价信息图谱研究——以福建省莆田市为例

近年来,滑坡灾害频繁发生且极大地危害着人类的生产生活,因此,如何快速有效地进行滑坡灾害危险性分析与评价,进而为滑坡的预测、预报及风险管理服务是一个亟待解决的问题。以莆田市为例,通过将地学信息图谱应用到滑坡灾害危险性评价中,构建莆田市高程、岩性、坡度、坡向影响因子信息图谱,并在此基础上得出莆田市滑坡灾害危险性评价信息图谱,以一系列的图谱直观地反映了莆田市滑坡发生的机制及滑坡危险性空间分布情况,反演了莆田市滑坡发生的时空变化规律,为滑坡灾害预测提供了矢量化的图形信息。     

Web-based GIS for collaborative planning and public participation: an application to the strategic planning of wind farm sites

Spatial planning typically involves multiple stakeholders. To any specific planning problem, stakeholders often bring different levels of knowledge about the components of the problem and make assumptions, reflecting their individual experiences, that yield conflicting views about desirable planning outcomes. Consequently, stakeholders need to learn about the likely outcomes that result from their stated preferences; this learning can be supported through enhanced access to information, increased public participation in spatial decision-making and support for distributed collaboration amongst planners, stakeholders and the public. This paper presents a conceptual system framework for web-based GIS that supports public participation in collaborative planning. The framework combines an information area, a Multi-Criteria Spatial Decision Support System (MC-SDSS) and an argumentation map to support distributed and asynchronous collaboration in spatial planning. After analysing the novel aspects of this framework, the paper describes its implementation, as a proof of concept, in a system for Web-based Participatory Wind Energy Planning (WePWEP). Details are provided on the specific implementation of each of WePWEP's four tiers, including technical and structural aspects. Throughout the paper, particular emphasis is placed on the need to support user learning throughout the planning process.     

Spatial distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in soil around a municipal solid waste incinerator

The impact of a typical municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) on polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in the surrounding soil was studied. Six stack gas samples were taken from the MSWI and 21 soil samples were collected from sampling sites between 300 and 1700 m from the MSWI stack. The total (∑PCB) concentrations of dioxin-like (dl) PCBs and indicator PCBs in the stack gas samples were between 3.41 and 34.3 ng/m3, and the corresponding toxic equivalents (TEQs) ranged from 4.45 to 66.9 pg WHO-TEQ/m3, with a mean of 28.6 pg WHO-TEQ/m3. A total of 2.43 g WHO-TEQ of PCBs per year was calculated to be released into the environment from MSWIs in China. The ∑PCB concentrations in the soil samples ranged from 28.0 to 264.4 pg/g, with mean and median values of 127.6 and 127.7 pg/g, respectively, while the TEQ values were between 0.020 and 0.18 pg WHO-TEQ/g, with mean and median values of 0.074 and 0.062 pg WHO-TEQ/g, respectively. Comparing this study with other studies performed around the world suggest that PCB emission from incinerators has a critical influence on PCB concentrations in the surrounding soil. An exponential function equation is proposed, which indicates a clear decline in ∑PCB concentrations with increasing distance from the stack. A contour map created using an ordinary kriging interpolation technique showed that a limited area (1250 m radius) from the stack was clearly influenced by PCB emission from the MSWI.     

尾矿坝浸润线时空混沌及其安全机理

在单向耦合映象格子模型基础上,考虑尾矿坝坡角因素,建立了浸润线耦合映象格子模型vn 1(i)=(1-ε)f(vn(i)) ε(1 sinθ)f(vn(i-1)).根据浸润线的初值条件和边界条件,对该模型进行了非线性动力学分析.结果表明,浸润线演化存在复杂时空混沌行为,可分为随机图样流、选择图样流、缺陷传播行为及完全发展湍流4种.非线性强度α和耦合强度ε的取值范围较小, 且ε较小时就可以得到非常丰富的动力学图案.浸润线演化受坡角影响比较明显,坡角越大越容易出现混沌状态.浸润线的各种时空行为反映了其相应的客观状态,从而揭示了浸润线的安全机理.浸润线耦合映象格子模型也可以用来解释其他各类边坡的复杂渗流现象.     

基于注意力机制的人群计数方法

为准确预测固定场景中的人群计数,在人群分析领域,采用一种融合注意力机制的卷积神经网络(CNN)进行人群计数,该模块结合空间域注意力和通道域注意力,空间域注意力可以编码整个图像的像素级上下文信息,以更准确地表达像素级别的密度图,而通道域注意力可以在不同的通道中提取更多的区分特征使网络显著表达人群的局部区域,并在多个公开数...