环境内分泌干扰物对河川沙塘鳢的雌激素效应检测

阐述了从河川沙塘鳢(Odontobutis potamophila)卵巢中提取卵黄磷脂蛋白,以及制备兔抗卵黄磷脂蛋白抗血清的过程,介绍了用此血清建立的河川沙塘鳢血清卵黄蛋白原间接竞争ELISA检测方法.以卵黄磷脂蛋白为参照,此法的最低检测质量浓度为40μg/L,最佳工作范围为160 μg/L-1 280 μg/L.使用此法检测雌二醇(E2)、壬基酚(NP)对雄性河川沙塘鳢的卵黄蛋白原诱导效果时,前者的最低有效质量浓度是0.001 mg/kg(E2/鱼质量),后者的最低有效质量浓度是50 mg/kg(NP/鱼质量).结果表明,200 mg/kg(NP/鱼质量)NP可引起雄性河川沙塘鳢血清卵黄蛋白原显著倍增.在太湖东山水域进行为期1年的生态调查时,发现3、4月份期间,曾有50%和35%样品呈阳性.     

Combining passive samplers and biomonitors to evaluate endocrine disrupting compounds in a wastewater treatment plant by LC/MS/MS and bioassay analyses

Two types of integrative sampling approaches (passive samplers and biomonitors) were tested for their sampling characteristics of selected endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). Chemical analyses (LC/MS/MS) were used to determine the amounts of five EDCs (nonylphenol, bisphenol A, estrone, 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethinylestradiol) in polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) and freshwater mussels (Unio pictorum); both had been deployed in the influent and effluent of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Genoa, Italy. Estrogenicity of the POCIS samples was assessed using the yeast estrogen screen (YES). Estradiol equivalent values derived from the bioassay showed a positive correlation with estradiol equivalents calculated from chemical analyses data. As expected, the amount of estrogens and EEQ values in the effluent were lower than those in the influent. Passive sampling proved to be the preferred method for assessing the presence of these compounds since employing mussels had several disadvantages both in sampling efficiency and sample analyses.     

洪季珠江三角洲水系烷基酚污染状况研究

对夏季珠江三角洲河流及珠江口表层水中溶解态的壬基酚(NPs)和辛基酚(OP)的污染状况进行了分析.结果表明,河流样品中除珠江正干平洲水道口、沙湾水道口及西江虎跳门处NPs值较高分别达98.84、129.82和164.98 ng/L外,其他地点均为<20～40ng/L;伶仃洋及近海表层水NPs含量较低为<10～14ng/L.OP值以澳门内港处最高为8.54ng/L,另外在白鹅潭、沙湾水道口和虎跳门处分别为2.89、2.44、2.12ng/L,其余采样点均低于检测限2ng/L,伶仃洋及近海表层水样OP值低于检测限1ng/L.     

过氧化物酶催化去除水体中酚类内分泌干扰物的研究进展

内分泌干扰物(EDCs)会干扰生物体的内分泌系统从而对人类、野生动物以及水生生物产生负面影响,这一问题已经引起了人们的广泛关注.广泛分布于自然环境中的辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)和木质素过氧化物酶(LiP),具有较强的催化氧化能力,能够催化去除雌激素、双酚A等多种具有内分泌干扰效应的污染物.本文在介绍辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)和木质素过氧化物酶(LiP)两种过氧化物酶的相关性质和催化氧化机理的基础上,从污染物结构与其催化去除效率关系的角度综述了过氧化物酶去除具有内分泌干扰效应的污染物的研究进展.为污水处理过程中过氧化物酶用于去除内分泌干扰物提供依据,并展望了其未来的发展方向.     

环境毒理学研究进展

综述了近年来环境毒理学的研究进展,内容包括:环境污染物对机体的影响及其环境行为、环境污染物及其转化物的毒性和评估方法、实验室模式生物、生物标志物以及环境毒理学在其他相关学科中的应用等.此外,还对环境化学品管理和安全性评价、Hormesis(兴奋效应)现象、遗传毒性致癌物的危险度评价、室内环境毒理学分析与研究等热点问题进...     

Synthetic endocrine disruptors in the environment and water remediation by advanced oxidation processes

The present study is an overview of the literature on classes and types of compounds described as "endocrine disruptors" and their treatability in water by advanced oxidation processes, which generate hydroxyl radicals in water. The review is limited to details of the destruction of three classes of endocrine disruptors, namely bisphenols, alkylphenols and phthalates, which are among the most highly suspected endocrine disrupting compounds that interfere with the hormonal system of wildlife. It was found that photocatalysis with titanium dioxide was the most frequently tested advanced oxidation method most likely due its potential to render complete mineralization. There is sufficient research also with direct and indirect photolysis and ozonation, which were less effective for the overall mineralization but more representative of the conditions existing in real water treatment plants.     

Endocrine disrupting activities in sewage effluent and river water determined by chemical analysis and in vitro assay in the context of granular activated carbon upgrade

As part of endocrine disruption in catchments (EDCAT) programme, this work aims to assess the temporal and spatial variations of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in River Ray, before and after the commissioning of a full-scale granular activated carbon (GAC) plant at a sewage treatment works (STW). Through spot and passive sampling from effluent and river sites, estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities were determined by chemical analysis and in vitro bio-assay. A correlation was found between chemical analyses of the most potent estrogens (estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2)) and yeast estrogen screen (YES) measurement, both showing clearly a reduction in estrogenic activity after the commissioning of the GAC plant at the STW. During the study period, the annual average concentrations of E1, E2 and EE2 had decreased from 3.5 ng L⁻¹, 3.1 ng L⁻¹ and 0.5 ng L⁻¹ to below their limit of detection (LOD), respectively, with a concentration reduction of at least 91%, 81% and 60%. Annual mean estrogenic activity measured by YES of spot samples varied from 1.9 ng L⁻¹ to 0.4 ng L⁻¹ E2 equivalent between 2006 and 2008 representing a 79% reduction. Similarly, anti-androgenic activity measured by yeast anti-androgen screen (anti-YAS) of spot samples was reduced from 148.8 to 22.4 μg flutamide L⁻¹, or by 85%. YES and anti-YAS values were related to each other, suggesting co-existence of both types of activities from chemical mixtures in environmental samples. The findings confirm the effectiveness of a full-scale GAC in removing both estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities from sewage effluent.     

宁夏入黄排水沟中典型内分泌干扰物的污染特征与风险评价

利用固相萃取-超高效液相色谱质谱联用仪检测分析了9种典型内分泌干扰物(EDCs)在宁夏入黄排水沟中的污染水平,探讨了其空间分布特征,分析了其来源,并进行了风险评价.结果表明,宁夏入黄排水沟中33个采样点均有EDCs检出,各采样点∑EDCs浓度范围在82.28～1 730.09 ng·L^-1之间.其中,检出浓度最高的两种化合物是E2和OP,浓度最大值分别为1 367.41 ng·L^-1和787.80 ng·L^-1.酚类化合物中双酚A(BPA)和壬基酚(NP)的检出率均达到90%以上,雌激素类化合物中雌酮(E1)和雌三醇(E3)的检出率较高,均为79%.空间分布上,排水沟中∑EDCs浓度平均值呈现出石嘴山市和银川市远高于吴忠市和中卫市的分布特征,入黄口采样点∑EDCs浓度范围为82.28～979.82 ng·L^-1.来源分析显示,宁夏入黄排水沟中BPA主要来自于工业废水和生活污水,OP主要来源于工业废水,E1主要来自于畜禽养殖废水,E3主要来源于生活污水.风险评价结果表明,入黄排水沟中EDCs的生态风险...     

化学生物絮凝工艺对内分泌干扰物的去除

采用液-液萃取,GC/MS方法测定分析了上海市安亭污水处理厂中化学生物絮凝处理工艺(CBF)中试进水中的内分泌干扰物(EDCs)种类,并且考察了CBF对EDCs的去除效果。在进水中共检测出EDCs8种。CBF工艺对于检测到的EDCs均有一定的去除作用,CBF反应池的不同廊道对于EDCs的去除特征也存在差异。第一廊道对于进水中主要的EDCs均具有明显去除效果,第二廊道中部分EDCs出现解吸,第三廊道对于酚类物质也具有一定水平的去除。     

O3/H2O2降解Atrazine效能研究

利用O₃/H²O²降解莠去津,对氧化产物进行了色谱分析,以评价该体系降解莠去津效能.莠去津初始浓度2 mg/L,7.5 mg/L的O₃单独氧化去除率为27.2%;相同O₃投量下,H²O²/O₃摩尔比0.75时,5 min莠去津的去除率最高可达96.5%,表明H²O²/O₃体系对莠去津的去除效果良好,降解速度快.以离子色谱对产物的离子进行分析,莠去津浓度下降的同时,硝酸根和氯离子浓度增高.GC-MS检测的产物和对LC-MS谱图的分析表明,有机产物中存在脱乙基、脱异丙基和脱氯莠去津,说明H²O²/O₃并不能彻底氧化莠去津,因此工程中作为主要去除单元或突发性污染事件的应急手段可能还需要与活性炭等单元联用.