二氧化钛光催化降解双酚AF研究

系统研究了双酚AF在二氧化钛溶液中的光催化降解行为。就溶解氧、二氧化钛投加量、氟离子浓度和双酚AF的初始浓度等因素对双酚AF降解的影响进行了详细讨论。研究重点是双酚AF的降解动力学以及在降解过程中所产生的氟离子浓度。当双酚AF的初始浓度是40μmol/L时,经过540 min的光催化降解,反应体系的总有机碳去除率超过97%,此时溶液中氟离子的浓度为0.98 mg/L。双酚AF在二氧化钛溶液中的降解符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学模型,其降解动力学常数是1.21μmol/(L·min)。结果表明,二氧化钛光催化可以有效的去除双酚AF,并且不产生其它二次污染物。     

松花江水中13种内分泌干扰物的初步调查

用固相萃取(SPE)/高效液相色谱法(HPLC)同时测定了松花江水中的13种典型内分泌干扰物(EDCs).结果表明,哈尔滨段江水中雌三醇(E3)、雌二醇(E2)、雌酮(E1)、乙炔雌醇(EE2)及乙烯雌酚(DES)5种雌激素物质的浓度普遍较高.最高可达66 ng·L-1;酞酸二甲酯(DMP)、酞酸二乙酯(DEP)、酞酸二正丁酯(DnBP)及酞酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)4种酞酸酯丰度最大,其中DnBP浓度最高可达330μg·L-1;4-正壬基酚(4-n-NP),带支链的对壬基酚(NP)及4-叔-辛基酚(4-t-OP)3种烷基酚的浓度范围为25-1261 ng·L-1;双酚A(BPA)浓度变化较小,保持在20-50 ng·L-1之间.经与相关报道比较,初步认为松花江水中雌激素类物质及酞酸酯污染较为严重,应当引起有关部门的警惕.     

典型新兴环境污染物的研究进展

概述了内分泌干扰物(EDCs)、药物及个人护理品(PPCPs)等典型新兴环境污染物的主要类型、环境浓度、分析方法、来源与归趋以及国内外研究进展。内分泌干扰物、药物及个人护理品在世界各地的污水处理厂出水中检出,表明了污水处理技术的不完善性,亟需研究并应用更全面的污水处理技术,以从源头上阻断新兴环境污染物对环境的污染。     

臭氧氧化内分泌干扰物灭多威

采用O3氧化去除水中内分泌干扰物灭多威,通过投加腐殖酸、过氧化氢及羟自由基抑制剂碳酸根离子和叔丁醇,考察灭多威的去除效果。结果表明臭氧能有效去除水中微量灭多威,灭多威初始浓度1.5mg/L时,去除率可达92.7%;腐殖酸浓度增大,则显示出越来越强的竞争作用;碳酸氢根和叔丁醇也在一定程度上抑制了灭多威的去除;过氧化氢的投加并未显著提高灭多威的降解率,说明在臭氧氧化灭多威的反应过程中,臭氧直接氧化占主要部分,而羟自由基间接氧化为次要因素。     

Selective photocatalytic oxidation of steroid estrogens in presence of saccharose and ethanol as co-pollutants

The potential of the photocatalytic oxidation to selectively oxidise steroid estrogens, β-estradiol and 17α-ethynylestradiol, in the presence of saccharose and ethanol as co-pollutants was clearly demonstrated. The alkaline media conditions remained the most beneficial for the PCO regardless the presence of co-pollutants under consideration. Saccharose appeared to be the more powerful competitor than ethanol. The influence of the co-pollutants is explained by their competition for the adsorption sites and also scavenging of the OH-radicals.     

Plasma vitellogenin in male teleost fish from 43 rivers worldwide is correlated with upstream human population size

It has been previously demonstrated that vitellogenin (VTG) - a precursor egg yolk protein - is produced in male fish exposed to estrogenic compounds in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. However, little attention has been given to examine whether any patterns of male VTG production exists across fish species on a global scale. We hypothesized that a composite measure of human population size over river discharge would best explain variations of protein levels in male fish. We compiled VTG data in 13 fish species from 43 rivers receiving municipal WWTP effluent on 3 continents. We found that human population size explained 28% of the variation in male VTG concentrations, whereas population/flow rate failed to significantly correlate with VTG. We suggest this result may be explained by the low solubility of estrogenic compounds, resulting in localized contamination near WWTP outfalls, rather than dilution by river water.     

污染物对鱼类的甲状腺激素干扰效应及其作用机制

环境中可以影响生物体甲状腺激素合成、运输、作用和代谢等过程的化学污染物称为甲状腺激素干扰物(TDCs),TDCs被认为是继环境雌激素之后最重要的一类内分泌干扰物.鱼类甲状腺的结构、甲状腺激素的转运和功能等与哺乳动物有较大差别.与哺乳动物相比,污染物干扰鱼类甲状腺激素的研究还较为缺乏.在介绍鱼类甲状腺结构、功能以及甲状腺激素在鱼体内动态过程的基础上,分析了污染物对鱼类的甲状腺激素干扰效应及其作用机制,探讨了今后鱼类甲状腺激素干扰研究的主要方向.污染物能对鱼类甲状腺激素水平、相关酶活性及甲状腺结构等产生直接影响;同时,污染物还可以通过干扰鱼类甲状腺系统对由甲状腺激素调节的重要生理过程如生长、繁殖和发育等产生间接影响.污染物主要通过干扰鱼类甲状腺激素的合成与分泌、转运、清除以及与甲状腺激素受体(TR)的相互作用等机制对鱼类产生不利影响.在污染物对鱼类甲状腺激素干扰的研究中,今后应重点关注环境中"新型"卤化有机污染物、鱼类早期发育过程与甲状腺激素干扰效应的关系、TR介导机制以及TDCs的筛选方法等.     

不同环境激素吸附行为及机理的对比研究

文章研究了环境激素类污染物在土壤中吸附的动力学、热力学过程,并进行相关参数分析和模型构建。结果显示,5种环境激素的吸附过程分为快速吸附、慢速吸附、平衡3个阶段,动力学过程均符合二级动力学方程;Freundlich等温模型的拟合度最高,吸附过程均为物理过程,并且放出热量。     

Determination and occurrence of endocrine disrupting compounds,pharmaceuticals and personal care products in fish (Morone saxatilis)

Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have attracted much attention due to widespread contamination in aquatic environment. In this study, we determined 13 EDCs and PPCPs in fish blood, bile and muscle by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The limits of quantitation (LOQ) were in the ranges of 0.23–2.54, 0.22–2.36 ng·mL⁻¹, and 0.24–2.57 ng·g⁻¹ dry weight (dw) for fish blood, bile and muscle, respectively. Recoveries of target compounds spiked into sample matrices and passed through the entire analytical procedure ranged from 65% to 95%, from 60% to 92% and from 62% to 91% for blood, bile and muscle, respectively. The methods were applied to the analysis of fish from a lake in California. Target compounds were relatively low in bile, and only bisphenol A (BPA) and diclofenac were measurable near the LOQ. Seven of 13 compounds were detected in blood, with total concentrations up to 39 ng·mL⁻¹. Only BPA was frequently found in muscle, with mean concentration of 7.26 ng·g⁻¹ dw. The estimated daily intake of BPA through fish consumption for U.S. resident was significantly lower than the tolerable daily intake recommended by the European Food Safety Authority. This study showed that the exposure to the bisphenol A from fish diet is unlikely to pose a health risk.     

超声波催化臭氧去除滤后水中有害有机物

文章以松花江水为原水,研究其滤后水的深度处理,包括臭氧氧化、超声波处理及超声波催化臭氧氧化工艺。研究重点为有毒有害有机物(POPs)在深度处理前后的变化。采用GC-MS进行了定性与半定量分析。结果表明超声波催化臭氧氧化对有毒有害类物质有非常明显的去除效果。超声处理、臭氧氧化、超声波催化臭氧氧化10min后有毒有害有机物的去除率高达62.8%、88.0%、90.6%;其中内分泌干扰物(EDCs)的去除可分别达到17.88%、5.77%和94.93%。可见超声波催化臭氧氧化对有毒有害及内分泌干扰类物质去除有十分明显的优势。