EGSB反应器处理含氯苯有机废水的试验研究

在间歇条件下,针对未接触和接触过氯苯的颗粒污泥,研究了氯苯对它们产甲烷活性的抑制及恢复;在动态条件下,研究了EGSB反应器处理含氯苯有机废水的情况.结果表明,不同浓度的氯苯均会对未接触氯苯的颗粒污泥的活性产生抑制;而接触过氯苯的颗粒污泥具有一定适应能力,只有氯苯浓度为100mg/L时才有较明显抑制.在动态运行过程中,进水氯苯浓度为10～50mg/L,前65天出水氯苯浓度均低于7mg/L,66d后出水氯苯浓度突增至25mg/L以上,停止投加氯苯后,出水氯苯浓度在3.4～38.32mg/L之间无规律波动,说明反应器内颗粒污泥对氯苯有较强吸附,生物降解作用不明显.     

内、外循环EGSB反应器酸碱调控能力的对比试验研究

通过对比运行试验,研究了内、外循环EGSB反应器酸碱特征及其调控能力.结果表明,内、外循环厌氧反应器内部的pH值分布规律相似,较低有机负荷时pH值梯度变化较小,较高负荷时随循环比变化pH值分布有所差别,但2种条件下循环比为3时反应器内pH值均可达到较均衡的分布.相同原水pH值条件下外循环体系pH值要高于内循环体系pH值,2种条件下体系pH值变化趋势较为一致,二者平均差值在0.5个单位左右.循环厌氧反应器系统pH值维持在6.3～6.8可以较好地保障系统正常运行,为了保证此条件,外循环运行方式对原水pH值的极限调节范围是4.5～6.8,内循环运行方式对原水pH值的极限调节范围是5.3～7.2.该成果对于研究和应用内外循环EGSB反应器具有理论参考和实用价值.     

废水厌氧生物处理技术发展综述与研究进展

本文系统综述了污水厌氧生物处理技术发展沿革,指出了技术研究的关键与应用前景。     

Performance and microbial diversity of an expanded granular sludge bed reactor for high sulfate and nitrate waste brine treatment

The disposal of waste brines has become a major challenge that hinders the wide application of ion- exchange resins in the water industry in recent decades. In this study, high sulfate removal efficiency （80%-90%） was achieved at the influent sulfate concentration of 3600 mg/L and 3% NaC1 after 145 days in an expanded granular sludge bed （EGSB） reactor. Furthermore, the feasibility of treating synthetic waste brine containing high levels of sulfate and nitrate was investigated in a single EGSB reactor during an operation period of 261 days. The highest nitrate and sulfate loading rate reached 6.38 and 5.78 kg/（m3-day） at SO42--S/NO3-N mass ratio of 4/3, and the corresponding removal efficiency was 99.97% and 82.26% at 3% NaC1, respectively. Meanwhile, 454-pyrosequencing technology was used to analyze the bacterial diversity of the sludge on the 240th day for stable operation of phase X. Results showed that a total of 9194 sequences were obtained, which could be affiliated to 14 phyla, including Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chlorobi, Bacteroidetes, Synergistetes and so on. Proteobacteria （77.66%） was the dominant microbial population, followed by Firmicutes （12.23%） and Chlorobi （2.71%）.     

EGSB反应器运行中的床层流态行为及其控制

生物量流失是EGSB反应器在高负荷状态下稳定运行面临的主要问题。利用实验室EGSB反应器在中温条件下处理高浓度葡萄糖废水,研究EGSB反应器在高负荷状态下的床层流态行为及其受影响因素。结果表明,在该反应器结构形式下,当有机负荷达到23-26 kg COD/（m3·d）,水力上升流速在约3.0 m/h,气体上升流速在约1.3 m/h状态下运行时,床层易发生剧烈流化现象,并导致颗粒污泥的解体和流失。降低反应器回流比、减小反应器内水力上升流速,控制床层在悬浮状态时可以有效降低高负荷状态下生物量的流失,并取得了有机负荷46 kg COD/（m3·d）,COD去除率97%以上的处理效果。     

EGSB-BF生物膜-混凝处理天然橡胶胶乳废水

为了天然橡胶胶乳加工废水的生产回用,采用EGSB-BF生物膜-混凝组合工艺深度处理该废水,对工艺运行的稳定性和处理效果进行了研究。EGSB的HRT为36 h,pH值为6.8~7.5,温度为（35±1）℃,BF生物膜的HRT为48 h,DO浓度为2~4 mg·L-1,硝化液回流比为150%,混凝沉淀深度处理生化尾水,混凝剂优选为硫酸铁,浓度为80~100 mg·L-1,COD、NH4+-N、TP、色度和SS去除率分别为90%~99.4%、91%~100%、93%~98.5%、92%和96%,其出水达到排放及橡胶生产用水的回用要求。采用该工艺深度处理天然橡胶胶乳加工废水,具有启动时间短、抗冲击能力强、运行稳定等优点,产水达到了橡胶加工生产回用的水质标准。     

EGSB厌氧发酵垃圾渗滤液制氢的启动特性研究

利用厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB),对生活垃圾堆肥厂初期渗滤液的厌氧生物发酵制氢启动特性进行了研究,探讨了反应器对渗滤液中COD、总氮、总磷的去除效果和产氢能力.结果表明在中温35℃±1℃,有机负荷1.4~16.7 g/(L.d),pH为5.0~5.5的条件下,经过20 d的适应期后,EGSB反应器可以实现连续稳定产氢.在水力停留时间为30 h,液体上升流速为3.0 m/h的稳定运行阶段,最高产氢率为1 460 mL/(L.d),氢气含量为19%~33%,COD去除率为50%~70%,总磷、总氮的去除率稳定在40%~70%、32%~65%.液相末端发酵产物中乙醇和乙酸总含量占挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)总量的80%以上,发酵类型以乙醇发酵型为主.     

Effects of the support material addition on the hydrodynamic behavior of an anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed reactor

As a support material, zeolite can be used to promote the granulation process due to its high settable property and the ability to retain biomass on its surface. The present paper reports on the influence of zeolite addition on the hydrodynamic behavior of an expanded granular sludge bed reactor (EGSB). Different models were applied to fit the flow pattern and to compare EGSB hydrodynamic performance with and without the addition of zeolite. The experimental data fit the tanks in a series model for zeolite bed height of 5 cm and upflow velocity of 6 m/hr. Higher axial dispersion degree (D/uL) was obtained at lower heights of zeolite. The real hydraulic retention time (HRTr) was increased with both increased zeolite bed height and increased upflow velocity. The short-circuit results for 5 cm of zeolite bed and 6, 8 and 10 m/hr upflow velocity were 0.3, 0.24 and 0.19 respectively, demonstrating the feasibility of using zeolite for a proper hydrodynamic environment to operate the EGSB reactor. The presence of zeolite resulted in the higher percentage values of dead zones, ranging from 12% to 24%. Zeolite addition exerted a positive effect on the hydrodynamics pattern for this technology being advantageous for the anaerobic process because of its possible contribution to better biofilm agglomeration, granule formation and substrate-microorganism contact.     

EGSB反应器处理米酒废水的启动方法研究

米酒厂废水由洗米、制曲用大豆蒸煮和酒蒸馏 3道工序中所排出的废水组成 ,是一种典型的高浓度有机废水。在采用EGSB反应器对其进行处理时 ,以处理啤酒废水的 UASB反应器中的颗粒污泥作为接种污泥可以实现快速启动。启动过程中 ,容积负荷的提高幅度以每次 2～ 3 kg COD/( m3· d)为宜 ,同时要保持出水的 p H维持在 8以上 ;为了防止酸化 ,应当适当地在进水中投加碱剂。采用 EGSB反应器在中温条件下处理该废水时 ,容积负荷可以达到 2 0 kg COD/( m3· d) ,COD去除率在 70 %以上。     

EGSB反应器水力流态研究

用高效厌氧反应器(EGSB)处理高浓度有机废水,CODCr最高容积负荷达46kg/(m3·d),CODCr去除率在90%以上。采用脉冲示踪法,以LiCl作示踪剂,对反应器的膨胀特性、水力流态规律进行研究。结果表明,水力负荷是影响膨胀特性的主要因素,EGSB的适宜膨胀率应保持在15%~19%。