Characterization of the dissolved organic matter in sewage effluent of sequence batch reactor: the impact of carbon source

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) transformation in sequence batch reactor (SBR) fed with carbon sources of different biodegradability was investigated. During the biologic degradation process, the low molecular weight (MW) fraction (< 1 kDa) gradually decreased, while the refractory compounds with higher aromaticity were aggregated. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and fluorescence of excitation emission matrices (EEM) demonstrated that more biopolymers (polysaccharides or proteins) and humic-like substances were presented in the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) extracted from the SBR fed with sodium acetate or glucose, while the EPS from SBR fed with slowly biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (DOC) substratestarch had relatively less biopolymers. Comparing the EfOM in sewage effluent of three SBRs, the effluent from SBR fed with starch is more aromatic. Organic carbon with MW>1 kDa as well as the hydrophobic fraction in DOM gradually increased with the carbon sources changing from sodium acetate to glucose and starch. The DOC fractionation and the EEM all demonstrated that EfOM from the effluent of the SBR fed with starch contained more fulvic acid-like substances comparing with the SBR fed with sodium acetate and glucose.     

污泥EPS作为阻燃剂的机制归纳与潜力分析

高附加经济价值回收产物胞外聚合物（EPS）提取可以有效推动剩余污泥资源化目标.EPS除可替代传统藻酸盐应用于食品、医药、纺织、印染、造纸和日化等行业外,它在阻燃方面独特的性能已展现出用作高端航空器防火涂层的诱人潜力.这得益于EPS本身复杂的化学结构与物质成分,其优异的相容性、黏附性和生物合成性等优势使它的阻燃与环保性能可能优于市场目前已应用上各种阻燃剂.因此,系统分析和总结EPS的阻燃特性机制对其广泛应用极具现实意义.首先,在总结市售现有各类阻燃剂之优缺点基础上,对比分析EPS阻燃特性以及应用潜力.其次,在阐述EPS中磷（P）元素与类藻酸盐（ALE）物质阻燃原理的情况下,厘清EPS胞外蛋白的协同阻燃过程,以揭示EPS阻燃性能的可能机制.以此为基础上,随之综合评价EPS阻燃特性,并与其他阻燃剂横向对比,总结EPS作为阻燃剂的优势所在.最后,为进一步提高EPS用作表面涂层阻燃材料性能,提出增加EPS磷元素含量、提高和纯化EPS中ALE以及优化EPS与基质的修饰策略.     

藻-菌颗粒污泥胞外聚合物及其表面特性研究

藻-菌颗粒污泥具有能耗低、温室气体排放量少等优点,近年来在污水处理领域受到关注.胞外聚合物(EPS)在保护微生物免受恶劣环境影响及促进细胞聚集方面发挥重要作用,而关于藻-菌颗粒EPS及其表面特性鲜有报道.选取了粒径范围在0.36~0.71、1~1.25、1.6~2.0 mm的3组藻-菌颗粒,分析了其EPS中多糖和蛋白质的含量,并进一步地对其组成差别以及官能团特征进行探究,探讨了EPS提取前后藻-菌聚集体表面电荷的变化.结果表明,随着粒径的增大,藻-菌颗粒污泥EPS中多糖和蛋白质的含量均有增加,而蛋白质与多糖的比值减小.不同粒径的藻-菌颗粒污泥EPS中芳香蛋白与酪氨酸类物质的含量明显增加,腐殖酸类物质含量亦呈总体增加趋势,与胞外蛋白相比,胞外多糖特征峰的波峰强度增加较明显.进一步分析表明,粒径较大的颗粒可能更能抵御外界环境因素的变化,以维持颗粒性能.以上结果表明,粘性和亲水性的多糖、芳香蛋白和酪氨酸类物质可能更有利于藻-菌颗粒的微生物细胞聚集.本文的研究结果进一步地拓展了对藻-菌颗粒污泥的认识,并为其进一步的工程应用提供基础.     

一体式膜生物反应器膜污染影响因素研究

试验采用聚丙烯中空纤维膜,通过正交试验考察了膜通量、抽停时间、曝气量对膜过滤压力的影响,得出适合的膜通量是减缓膜污染的决定性因素。并确定了适宜的运行条件：膜通量5L／（m2·h）,抽吸时间8min,停抽时间2min,曝气量0．6m3／h;同时考察了EPS中多糖和蛋白质对膜污染的影响,得出多糖是主要的污染物质。     

膜生物反应器中排泥方式对污泥胞外聚合物的影响

研究了膜生物反应器(MBR)中间歇排泥以及连续排泥条件下污泥停留时间(SRT)与污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)变化的关系。试验结果表明:在间歇排泥方式下的污泥EPS都明显高于连续排泥方式下的。随着SRT的增加,附着型EPS浓度先是稍有减少,之后快速增加,溶解性EPS则增加。     

再生水中弗氏柠檬酸杆菌生物膜特性研究

从使用再生水的某电厂冷却塔粘泥中分离出一株具有硫酸盐还原功能的弗氏柠檬酸杆菌.利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能谱仪（EDS）对再生水中HSn70-1A和BFe30-1-1两种合金表面弗氏柠檬酸杆菌生物膜结构和成分进行表征,结果表明HSn70-1A成膜特性好于BFe30-1-1,两种合金表面生物膜中C、O等无机元素含量较...     

挂膜方法对生物膜特性及生化尾水深度处理的影响

为探索低浓度生化尾水生物深度处理的快速挂膜方法,采用4种方法（投加壳聚糖法、投加铁离子法、接种排泥法和自然挂膜法）进行挂膜,考察其对生物膜主要特性（生物膜量MLSS、胞外聚合物（EPS））和废水处理效果的影响.结果表明：在挂膜期间,投加壳聚糖法有利于生物膜量、EPS迅速增加,两者平均含量达到4种方法中的最大值,分别为（9.26 ±3.30） mg/cm³和（42.51 ±33.49） mg/（gSS）,但其生物膜活性f值最低,污染物的去除效果不是最佳;投加铁离子成膜时,生物膜特性稳定,活性高,污染物去除效果最佳,COD_Cr、NH₄⁺-N、TP去除率分别较快稳定在（66.13 ±2.30）%、（92.03 ±7.72）%和（62.75 ±4.41）%;接种排泥法的生物膜量、EPS均含量、污染物去除效果比投加壳聚糖、铁离子法稍低;自然挂膜法前期对污染物去除率低,稳定时间较长,除TP外,COD_Cr、NH₄⁺-N去除率在挂膜后期与投加壳聚糖法、接种排泥法相差不大.综合地看,投加铁离子法,虽然生物膜量、EPS含量略低于投加壳聚糖法,但生物膜活性高、污染去除效果好,是低浓度尾水挂膜的最佳方法.     

浸没式膜-生物反应器膜污染物中胞外聚合物的提取与分析

研究了胞外聚合物对膜生物反应器中膜污染物的贡献和影响,通过对膜表面的EDX分析,发现膜污染物以有机污染物为主;采用碱液离心提取法提取反应器污泥和膜污染物中的EPS,发现二者的EPS主要由相对分子量在12000以上的大分子物质组成,而且这些大分子物质基本上都是难降解的;以TOC表征EPS总量,并对其中多糖、蛋白质、DNA等组分进行测定,发现膜污染物中的EPS浓度是反应器污泥中的4倍左右,多糖类物质是首要的膜污染物,蛋白质对膜污染也起着重要的作用;反应器内DNA含量要高于膜污染物中,可证实DNA不是主要的膜污染物;通过电泳分析发现,二者大片段区间内的DNA的分子量几乎相同.     

丝状菌膨胀对无纺布生物反应器处理效果及膜污染特征的影响

研究了丝状菌膨胀状态和正常污泥状态下无纺布生物反应器的污泥絮体形态、出水水质对比,膜通量变化,膜阻力分析和胞外聚合物(EPS)含量分析.结果表明,膨胀污泥的平均粒径为448.6μm,正常污泥的平均粒径为234.8μm;丝状菌膨胀状态下的平均COD去除率、NH+4-N去除率、出水浊度分别为90.1%、93.1%、1.33 NTU,较之正常污泥状态下的91.4%、97.0%、0.99 NTU,丝状菌膨胀对COD去除几乎没有影响,对NH+4-N去除有一定的抑制,对出水浊度略有影响;膨胀污泥状态和正常污泥状态下的平均膜通量衰减速率分别为3.29 L·(m2·h2)-1、4.87 L·(m2·h2)-1,膨胀状态下的膜污染较轻,膨胀状态下的膜污染以可逆污染为主,正常状态下以不可逆污染为主,优先发生可逆污染可以减少不可逆污染的发生,从而减缓膜通量的下降;正常污泥和膨胀污泥混合液中溶解性微生物产物(SMP)含量分别为21.369 mg·L-1、10.182 mg·L-1,蛋白质/多糖(P/C)分别为0.370、0.497,SMP的总量与膜污染阻力有关系,P/C与可逆污染所占的比例有关系,混合液污泥的松散附着性EPS与膜污染的关系同SMP相似;EPS含量较高的污泥更易于在膜表面累积,并且累积于膜表面的EPS主要是蛋白质,混合液污泥EPS总量、膜面污泥EPS以及它们的P/C都与膜表面可逆污染存在正相关性.     

Influences of influent carbon source on extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and physicochemical properties of activated sludge

It is necessary to understand the bioflocculation, settling and dewatering characteristics in the activated sludge process in order to establish more efficient operational strategies. The influences of carbon source on the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and flocculation, settling and dewatering properties of the activated sludge were investigated. Laboratory-scale completely mixed activated sludge processes were used to grow the activated sludge with different carbon sources of starch, glucose and sodium acetate. The sludge fed with acetate had highest loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and that fed with starch lowest. The amount of tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), protein content in LB-EPS, polysaccharide content and protein contents in TB-EPS, were independent of the influent carbon source. The polysaccharide content in LB-EPS of the activated sludge fed with sodium acetate was lower slightly than those of starch and glucose. The sludge also had a nearly consistent flocs size and the sludge volume index (SVI) value. ESS content of the sludge fed with sodium acetate was higher initially, although it was similar to those fed with glucose and starch finally. However, the specific resistance to filtration and normalized capillary suction time fluctuated first, but finally were stable at around 5.0 × 10⁸ m kg⁻¹ and 3.5 s L g⁻¹ SS, respectively. Only the protein content in LB-EPS weakly correlated with the flocs size and SVI of the activated sludge. But there was no correlation between any other EPS contents or components and the physicochemical properties of the activated sludge.