Chorion biopsy in early pregnancy: A method of early prenatal diagnosis for inherited disorders

Chorion biopsy was performed in 165 cases at 6–12 weeks of pregnancy, following an ultrasonic or embryo-fetoscopic chorion frondosum localization. One hundred patients had their biopsies taken immediately before induced abortion. In 39 cases abortion was carried out 5–10 days after biopsy. In 26 pregnant patients biopsy was performed for genetic reasons. Fetal sex was determined in ‘native’ smears from biopsy specimens for cytological investigation, using X- and Y-chromatin assays. Fetal sex diagnosis proved correct in all the cases. In 40 observations, the origin of the biopsy specimen was histologically checked. In 16 biopsy specimens, a number of enzymes were simultaneously assayed: β-D-ghcosidase, β-D-galacto-sidase, β-D-hexosaminidase, β-D-glucuronidase, α-L-fucosidase, β-D-mannosidase, sphingo-myelinase and arylsulphatase A. The levels of the above enzymes were compared to those observed in tissue cultures of amniotic cells obtained through amniocentesis at 16–18 weeks of pregnancy. The amniotic sac remained intact in all cases of chorion biopsy. If the pregnancy was maintained after the biopsy, no spontaneous abortions were recorded, and pregnancies resulted in the timely delivery of full-term healthy infants. Therefore, the method described is a valuable means of diagnosing inherited disorders, with promising applications in prenatal medicine.     

长三角区域空气质量预警联动系统及其在上海世博会的应用

为保障上海世博会空气质量,开发了长三角区域空气质量预警联动系统.系统由区域数据共享、预报预警、信息发布和应急联动等4个子系统构成,采用自动质量控制检查、多模式集合预报、秸秆焚烧火点判定、预警联动机制研究、GIS自动化处理和表达等关键技术.在上海世博会期间,实时监控和预测了长三角区域空气质量状况和变化趋势,发布了5次大气...     

Genetic amniocentesis at 7–14 weeks of gestation

Genetic amniocentesis performed at 7–14 weeks of gestation was studied in a series of 138 patients of whom 50 wanted termination of pregnancy (⩽ 12 weeks). The material for analysis consisted of 132 samples due to two sampling failures and four samples being handled incorrectly. Forty-eight samples (36 per cent) were taken at 7–12 weeks of gestation, mainly transvaginally (36/48:75 per cent). The success rate of culture and karyotyping increased with the duration of pregnancy, but was only satisfactory from week 11 onwards. The time until harvest was then 14–15 days. The transvaginal approach is easy to perform and was accepted by the women, but we experienced bacterial or fungal overgrowth in 17 per cent of these samples, whereas no infection occurred in the samples taken transabdominally (n = 96). We conclude that genetic amniocentesis is feasible from week 11, but further studies concerning side effects, especially focusing on the procedure-related abortion risk, should be carried out before early amniocentesis is routinely applied.     

城市空气中悬浮颗粒物的预报方法研究

为适应环境状况报告发展的需要，阐述了空气质量预报的发展、要求、意义和类型，在此基础上，论述了悬浮颗粒物预报的重要性和难点， 并对其预报方法进行了初探。     

沈阳市污泥堆存处置过程恶臭预警集成技术研究

为解决沈阳市污泥堆存处置过程恶臭污染管理与预警方面存在的问题,文章研究了污泥恶臭产生条件、污泥堆存处置过程恶臭污染特征,明确了污泥堆存处置过程的恶臭风险因素。应用层次分析法构建了恶臭风险评估与分级预警指标体系,并通过案例分析对指标体系进行了优化,在此基础上开发了恶臭风险评估与分级预警系统软件,为企业恶臭风险管理提供了技术支撑,为环境管理部门提供了科学的监管方法。     

Evaluation of amniotic fluid cell filtration: An experimental approach to early amniocentesis

Prior to a prospective application of amniotic fluid (AF) cell filtration to early amniocentesis, we tested the technique on a surplus from mid-trimester samples. By using the same sample size of 5 ml in experiments with a filter and in routine diagnostic procedures (control), we evaluated an optimal filter system. The prolonged culture time of filtered cells and the reduced number of clones are most probably due to mechanical stress (filtration pressure), whereas loss of the cells by adhesion to the filter system, and an AF-free culture medium (growth factors) are suggested to be less important. The AF cells are very sensitive to mechanical stress. Slow filtration (⩽3 ml AF/min) through filters with a high porosity and the largest possible pore size should be preferred. A mixed cellulose ester filter membrane with a pore size of 5·0 μm proved to be the most efficient, allowing harvest of the filtered cells after only a slight prolongation of the culture time (+2·4 days) compared with unfiltered aliquots. A filter set with a bypass connected by three-way taps allows cell filtration during either aspiration or reinjection of the AF. Cell filtration after amniocentesis and consecutive reverse flushing of the membrane with the appropriate amount of culture medium proved to be the best with regard to easy handling and reducing the risk of bacterial contamination.     

内蒙古赤峰红花沟金矿田矿床成因

基于野外调研 ,对赤峰红花沟金矿田的控矿构造及其矿体、岩体与地层之间的地质关系进行深入研究 ,提出金矿化发生在燕山早期 ,对燕山早期岩石化学与矿石氢氧同位素进行系统分析 ,得出本区矿床成因为重熔型成因 ,其成矿热液为原生岩浆水 ,后期有少量的大气降水加入。     

Comparative study of 15 lysosomal enzymes in chorionic villi and cultured amniotic fluid cells. Early prenatal diagnosis in seven pregnancies at risk for lysosomal storage diseases

A large number of chorionic villi samples obtained from women undergoing elective first trimester termination of pregnancy was analysed by enzyme assays similar to those applied to cultured amniotic cells. The levels of 15 lysosomal enzymes were compared to those observed in tissue cultures of amniotic cells obtained through amniocentesis at 16-18 weeks of pregnancy and the results were discussed in order to assess the usefulness of trophoblast biopsy for first trimester diagnosis of hereditary lysosomal diseases. The data suggest the applicability of this source of fetal cells for prenatal diagnosis of fifteen respective genetically determined enzyme deficiencies with the probable exception of α-L -iduronidase deficiency. Enzyme determinations were performed on chorionic villi samples of two pregnancies at risk for Tay-Sachs disease, three pregnancies for GM₁ gangliosidosis type 1, one for mucopolysaccharidosis type VI and one for Wolman's disease.     

江苏省水质自动监测预警规则的设计与应用

基于分级、分类、精简的设计原则,设计了江苏省水质自动监测预警规则,包括运维人员进行核实,环保部门加强监控(一级预警);运维人员核实后,环保部门短信预警(二级预警);水质明显异常,核实确认后报送纸质版快报(三级预警)。该预警规则在江苏省水质自动监测系统中得到应用,通过与上下游环保局、督查部门的配合联动,在捕获水质异常信息、预警污染事故等方面发挥了重要作用。     

新标准下天津市大气环境监测预警体系的构建

通过对天津大气环境监测现状进行客观分析,并结合天津市整体发展规划、经济与环境发展的新需求,提出了构建天津大气环境监测预警体系的基本框架,将逐步以"三个说清"为目标,全面提升天津大气环境监测综合能力和水平,最终建立了天津大气环境监测预警体系。该研究完善了天津市PM2.5监测及预警能力,能够实现对主要污染源的实时监控,弥补了现有预报预警能力不足的情况,使我市环境空气质量预报更为科学准确,环境空气质量预警信息发布更为及时,能大幅提高天津市对重污染天气的应对能力。