中国东部燕山期俯冲走滑体制及其对成矿定位的控制

通过中国东部180～90Ma前地质构造演化与北美西部155～0Ma间地质构造演化的对比,说明中国东部燕山期由活动大陆边缘向陆内过渡的构造属性,进一步阐明中国东部燕山期金属成矿大爆发的地球动力背景-伊泽奈歧海洋板块对欧亚大陆的低角度斜向俯冲和NNE向左行平移剪切运动.活动大陆边缘地壳缩短增厚和伸展减薄两个阶段产出有不同的岩石组合和金属成矿组合.NNE向平移剪切带切割先成断裂体系形成控矿断裂网络分级控制金属聚集的定位:超级控矿断裂网络控制金属矿集区和大型矿床定位,区域一级控矿断裂网络控制大、中型及部分小型矿床定位,区域二级控矿断裂网络控制部分小型矿床和矿化点定位,局部性控矿断裂网络控制矿集区和矿田内部的矿床定位.     

Baseline Carbon Stocks Assessment and Projection of Future Carbon Benefits of a Carbon Sequestration Project in East Timor

Climate change is one of the most pressing environmental problems humanity is facing today. Forest ecosystems serve as a source or sink of greenhouse gases, primarily CO₂. With support from the Canadian Climate Change Fund, the Community-based Natural Resource Management for Carbon Sequestration project in East Timor (CBNRM-ET) was implemented to “maintain carbon (C) stocks and increase C sequestration through the development of community-based resource management systems that will simultaneously improve livelihood security”. Project sites were in the Laclubar and Remexio Sub-districts of the Laclo watershed. The objective of this study was to quantify baseline C stocks and sequestration benefits of project components (reforestation with fast-growing species, primarily Casuarina equisetifolia, and agroforestry involving integration of Paraserianthes falcataria). Field measurements show that mature stands (≥30 years) of P. falcataria and C. equisetifolia contain up to 200 Mg C ha⁻¹ in above ground biomass, indicating the vast potential of project sites to sequester carbon. Baseline C stocks in above ground biomass were very low in both Laclubar (6.2 Mg C ha⁻¹ for reforestation sites and 5.2 Mg C ha⁻¹ for agroforestry sites and Remexio (3.0 Mg C ha⁻¹ for reforestation and 2.5 Mg C ha⁻¹ for agroforestry). Baseline soil organic C levels were much higher reaching up to 160 Mg C ha⁻¹ in Laclubar and 70 Mg C ha⁻¹ in Remexio. For the next 25 years, it is projected that 137 671 Mg C and 84 621 Mg C will be sequestered under high- and low C stock scenarios, respectively.     

黄、东海污染物越界通量的估算研究

对黄、东海污染物越界通量估算方法进行了研究。黄、东海污染物SPM、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg的越界通量估算值分别为82 1742 75± 10 0 70 3 0 0 4kg/h、5 883 31± 5 35 5 47kg/h、5 6 3 2 5± 45 2 2 2kg/h、17895 93± 15 6 96 45kg/h、1113 45± 85 0 0 8kg/h、35 32± 37 93kg/h。     

冀东沿海地区镉的富集程度及成因分析

河北省地质调查院在冀东沿海地区的浅层土壤中发现了450 km2的镉富集带,富集区内Cd含量平均值0.76 mg/kg,最大值7.65 mg/kg,镉富集区域与当地的水稻田范围极为吻合。本文根据深、浅层土壤地球化学调查结果,运用富集因子及多元统计分析方法论述了镉的空间富集程度及富集的成因。结果表明,镉在研究区浅层土壤中高度富集,富集因子平均值3.27,最大值23.3。镉含量地球化学图、富集因子等值线图、污染因子得分图的空间分布特征几乎一致,异常区域内存在污染元素镉的单因子,镉富集源于人为活动。     

东洞庭湖长江江豚及其与鱼类资源相关性

为掌握东洞庭湖长江江豚种群动态分布规律及其与鱼类资源的相关关系，2012年6月~2017年12月，对东洞庭湖进行了54次长江江豚种群调查和8次水声学鱼类资源空间分布调查.调查结果显示：（1）共发现长江江豚1110头次，分布在湘阴-洞庭大桥之间长约65km的区域内；（2）100% MCP）、95% MCP、75% MCP和50% MCP下，长江江豚栖息地面积依次为161.3、114.26、76.95和64.31km²，占保护区总面积百分比依次为24.18%、17.13%、11.54%和9.63%；（3）不同水位条件下，长江江豚观测群次和头次差异显著，枯水期可观测到群次和头次最高，分别为（13.92±4.64）群次/次和（31.92±7.17）头次/次，丰水期观测群次和头次最低，分别为（5.17±1.64）群次/次和（17.25±7.46）头次/次；（4）水声学调查结果显示，2013年3月东洞庭湖鱼类资源平均密度最高为57.21尾/1000m³，东洞庭湖鱼类密度与水位呈弱负相关关系，相关系数r=-0.601（P>0.05）；（5）GIS模型分析结果显示，东洞庭湖鱼类资源低水位时期（枯水期和退水期后期），集中分布于扁山至鲶鱼口区域，高水位时期，东洞庭湖鱼类资源分布较为分散；（6）方差分析结果显示，东洞庭湖低水位期鱼类资源水平密度分布不均，扁山至煤炭湾区域鱼类资源水平空间平均密度最高，与其它区域有显著性差异（P<0.05），高水位时期鱼类分布较为均匀，方差分析显示，除煤炭湾至鹿角区域与城陵矶至洞庭大桥区域和扁山至煤炭湾区域分别有显著差异之外（P<0.05），其他水域之间无显著性差异（P>0.05）；（7）Pearson相关性分析显示长江江豚头次与对应的鱼类密度呈显著正相关，R²=0.86，P<0.01，长江江豚可能具有随鱼群迁徙的行为特征.     

引水冲污工程治理东湖磷污染

东湖的污染主要体现在氮磷的污染 ,以及由此而导致的水体富营养化 ,而目前正在实施的截污和清淤工程只能截取和清除部分磷污染源 ,对于剩余部分的污染源则有必要通过引水冲污工程来治理。在距沙湖最近的长江岸边设取水点 ,引长江水注入沙湖 ,随后将长江江水引入东湖。同时 ,并将部分受到污染的湖水通过青山港、武丰闸冲出东湖、排入长江 ,从而减少东湖污染物的总量 ,降低东湖的污染程度 ,增强东湖水体的自净能力 ,提高东湖水体的环境质量     

黄海和东海海域沉积物的环境质量评价

分析了黄海和东海陆架浅海区域表层沉积物中有机碳、硫化物、油类、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg、Cr、As、总氮、总磷的含量，通过对数据进行适当的数理统计处理，计算出了黄海和东海陆架区各化学要素的背景值。以此背景值作为评价标准，采用单因子评价方法，确定了调查海区沉积物中各化学要素的贫化区、背景值区、超背景值区和异常富集区。     

我国东部七省生态系统对酸沉降的相对敏感性

讨论了影响亚热带生态系统对酸沉降敏感性的生态因子，提出了敏感性等级划分的指标体系，根据大量资料编制了我国东部７省１市生态系统对酸沉降相对敏感性分区图。结果表明，在研究区域内生态系统的敏感性有相当大的差别，极敏感区和敏感区面积占全区总面积的１／３以上，主要分布在福建、浙江、江西３省。     

Regional-specific emission inventory for NH3, N2O, and CH4 via animal farming in South, Southeast, and East Asia

Ammonia, nitrous oxide, and methane emission from animal farming of South, Southeast, and East Asia, in 2000, was estimated at about 4.7 Tg NH₃–N, 0.51 Tg N₂O–N, and 29.9 Tg CH₄, respectively, using the FAO database and countries’ statistic databases as activity data, and emission factors taking account of regional characteristics. Most of these atmospheric components, up to 60–80%, were produced in China and India. Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Indonesia, which were large source countries next to China and India, contributed more than a few percent of total emission of each atmospheric component. The largest emission livestock were cattle whose contribution was considerably high in South, Southeast, and East Asia; more than one-fourth of ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions: more than half of methane emission. The other major livestock for nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions were pigs. For methane emission, buffaloes were second source livestock. To provide spatial distributions of these gases, the emissions of county and district level were allocated into each 0.5° grid by means of the weighting by high-resolution land cover datasets. The regions with considerable high emissions of all components were able to be found at the Ganges delta and the Yellow River basin. The spatial distributions for ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions were similar but had a substantial difference from methane distribution.     

PREP-PAC: a nutrient replenishment product designed for smallholders in western Kenya

Continuous cropping in the absence of external nutrient inputs to soils has led to the expression of poorly productive patches in farmers’ fields of western Kenya. Farmers attempting to correct these conditions are often confused by the spatial and symptomatic irregularity of affected plants and, until recently, no soil management product was commercially available that is specifically formulated to restore soil fertility to these patches. PREP-PAC consists of 2.0 kg of Minjingu rock phosphate (RP), 200 g of urea, seeds of various symbiotic nitrogen-fixing food legumes, rhizobial inoculant, gum arabic seed adhesive, lime for seed pelleting, and instructions for the use of these materials. It is intended for addition to 25 m² and produced at a cost of $ 0.56 per unit. The general principle is to apply slowly available RP sufficient for several cropping seasons with readily available nitrogenous fertilizer and to intercrop farmer’s maize (Zea mays) with a legume that provides residual fixed-nitrogen and organic inputs to the soil. This approach was tested in on-farm experiments conducted in collaboration with several grassroots rural development organizations. An experiment examined interactions between PREP-PAC components in a maize–soybean (Glycine max) intercrop in nutrient-depleted soils with sandy and clayey surface horizons. The treatments included ±RP, ±urea, and ±inoculants arranged as a 2³ factorial with four replicates at each location. Total value of the intercrops ranged between $ 0.83 in the unamended plots and $ 2.44 in plots treated with PREP-PAC. Significant positive effects were observed with the addition of RP (P<0.001), urea (P=0.04), and inoculant (P=0.01) and in interactions between RP and urea (P=0.02) or inoculant (P=0.07). The return ratio to PREP-PAC investment was 2.6 in the sandy soil and 3.7 in the clay. PREP-PACs were tested on-farm in 52 symptomatic patches containing maize–bean intercrops with and without an improved variety of climbing Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Flora. Unamended patches (25 m²=0.0025 ha) produced 1.6 kg maize and 0.08 kg bean. With addition of PREP-PAC containing Flora, yields increased to 4.1 kg maize and 1.1 kg bean (P<0.001 for both crops). Improvement in bean yield during the first cropping season nearly offset PREP-PAC’s investment costs. PREP-PAC is a strategic approach because all of its ingredients, except for urea, originate from East Africa, and are relatively inexpensive; the product is intended for distribution through existing retail and development networks.