太湖水质氮素质量浓度时空差异特征及影响因素分析

通过对2014—2016年湖体水质中氮素质量浓度分析,结合出入湖总氮浓度、水量、湖体水生生态等影响因素,发现太湖水体中总氮浓度呈现逐年下降的趋势,各监测点位总氮为0.530 mg/L～5.51 mg/L,时空分布不均,差异明显。时间上,总氮浓度表现为春季最高,夏季和秋季最低,且月均值变化曲线呈现出规律的正弦函数波形。空间上,总氮浓度大致表现出由西部湖区向东部湖区递减的趋势,呈现西部湖区﹥北部湖区﹥南部湖区﹥湖心区﹥东部湖区。要改善湖体水质,不仅要切断污染源,而且要加强水生生态功能修复。     

SPATIAL ANALYSIS AND EUTROPHICATION ASSESSMENT FOR CHLOROPHYLL a IN TAIHU LAKE

Spatial structure analysis and kriging analysis have been identified to be useful tools in illustrating the spatial patterns of variables. Taihu Lake is one of the largest fresh water lakes in China, and has suffered serious eutrophication in recent years due to the rapid economic development and growing environmental pollution in the Taihu Catchment. In this paper, spatial structural analysis, kriging interpolation and eutrophication assessment were carried out for chlorophyll a in the lake. Studies show that spherical model could be applied to fit all experimental variograms. Positive nuggets were observed for three directions except NE–SW direction. The variograms show some anisotropy with anisotropic ratio falling within 1.76. The spatial structural patterns of chlorophyll a in the lake were affected by factors such as distribution of pollution sources, water flow and wind. Two-dimensional ordinary block kriging was applied for interpolation process. An eutrophication assessment map was also made based on a water-quality evaluation standard. Results show that the content of chlorophyll a in Taihu Lake was quite high. The whole lake has suffered serious eutrophication. However, the eutrophic situation varied in space. Higher contents of chlorophyll a appeared mainly in the northern part of the lake.     

延平湖城区水环境石油类污染与控制

通过对延平湖城区水环境石油类污染的监测分析、评价，查找原因，并据此提出控制对策。     

滇池草海蓝藻清除应急措施总体方案

我国首例大型湖泊蓝藻清除工程中，制订了由湖泊应急治理措施、水资源应急调控措施和行政管理强化措施构成的注重时空需要、突出治标应急和多专业、多技术相互配合的综合应急方案。     

滇池水污染总量控制中污染源系统特征研究

湖泊流域同入湖水系的流域单元组成，本文以滇池流域单元为基础，进行了污染源总量控制片区划分，并对各片区进行了污染源系统特征研究，从而为滇池主要污染物总量控制提出了工作重点和具体对象。     

东海海域春季降水的化学特征

根据１９９４年４月１７日－２７日东海海域的降水雨样化学组份分析，并将春与我国上海及日本西海岸的降水化学组分进行了地比。认为东海海域的降水经与陆地源污染的输送有关，在东南风系作用下，降水肥东南海上气闭影响，从上海以东到日本以西的广阔的海域中，降水呈弱酸或中性，其化学组份表现为海洋化学的特征；在东北风系作用下，东海海域的降水主要受朝鲜半岛和日本方面污染源的影响，降水中ＳＯ４＾２－非海盐浓度比东南风系时     

Exploration of relationships between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables using multivariate statistic analysis in a eutrophic shallow lake:A 5-year study

Understanding the process of the changing phytoplankton patterns can be particularly useful in water quality improvement and management decisions.However,it is generally not easy to illustrate the interactions between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables given their high spatial and temporal heterogeneity.To elucidate relationships between them,in a eutrophic shallow lake,Taihu Lake,relative long-term data set of biotic and abiotic parameters of water quality in the lake were conducted using multivariate statistical analysis within seasonal periodicity.The results indicate that water temperature and total phosphorus(TP)played governing roles in phytoplankton dynamics in most seasons(i.e.temperature in winter,spring and summer; TP in spring,summer and autumn); COD(chemical oxygen demand)and BOD(biological oxygen demand)presented significant positive relationships with phytoplankton biomass in spring,summer and autumn.However,a complex interplay was found between phytoplankton biomass and nitrogen considering significant positive relationships occurring between them in spring and autumn,and conversely negative ones in summer.As the predatory factor,zooplankton presented significant grazing-pressure on phytoplankton biomass during summer in view of negative relationship between them in the season.Significant feedback effects of phytoplankton development were identified in summer and autumn in view that significant relationships were observed between phytoplankton biomass and pH,Trans(transparency of water)and DO.The results indicate that interactions between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables are highly sensitive to seasonal periodicity,which improves understanding of different roles of biotic and abiotic variables upon phytoplankton variability,and hence,advances management methods for eutrophic lakes.     

大型植物过量生长型的富营养化湖泊--乌梁素海

由于营养物的增加和积累 ,水体的主要生物相应为浮游植物和大型水生植物 ,表现为浮游植物疯长(藻型 )和大型水生植物的过量生长 (草型 )。草藻混合型应视为过渡型。草型富营养化湖泊多发生在浅水湖泊 (水深 <4m ) ,我国大部分湖泊水域均处在浅水区域 ,且湖泊水体营养物含量多数已大大超过富营养化控制警戒线。因此 ,在研究和控制湖泊富营养化问题时 ,更应高度重视草型富营养化湖泊。本文将以内蒙古乌梁素海为例 ,说明草型富营养化湖泊发展的危害和治理控制的重要性和必要性     

太湖水污染近期变动趋势及对策建议

太湖水污染是公众普遍关心的环境问题之一。根据近3年调查资料,对太湖水污染治理措施(工业污染源达标排放、城市污水处理厂的建设、畜禽和水产养殖污水的治理、河道清淤和引水工程、农业面源治理及禁用含磷洗涤剂等)、水质变动趋势及影响太湖水质变化的原因进行了分析,并提出了相应的对策建议,以期为太湖水污染的进一步治理提供科学依据。     

遥感方法应用于湖泊富营养化评价的研究

利用武汉东湖各子湖多年可靠的地面监测资料和1999年9月Landsat—7的TM各波段的卫星遥感数据,建立了各子湖的营养状态指数与TM各波段图像上灰度值之间的关系模型：一元线性模型、多元回归模型。运用这些模型对武汉各湖泊进行富营养化评价。同时基于地面监测资料,用日本学者相崎守弘提出的修正富营养化指数法对武汉主要湖泊的富营养化程度进行评价。结果显示,武汉湖泊多处于中富营养状态,遥感评价结果与地面监测结果基本一致。指出利用遥感方法进行湖泊水体富营养化监测评价是可行的、有效的、利用该方法可进行大范围的湖泊富营养化调查评价。