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471.
随着社会和经济的快速发展,环境污染事故尤其是突发性水污染事故,不仅在发生次数上,而且在污染的危害程度上有增大趋势。应急监测是突发性环境污染事故处置与善后处理中的重要环节。用真空检测管-电子比色法测定水和废水中的化学需氧量,实验结果表明,该方法的准确度和精密度较高。方法最低检出限为10 mg/L,回收率为89.0%~105%,相对标准偏差为1.8%~12.3%,相对误差为-2.38%~+8.80%。用重铬酸盐法和真空检测管法测定实际样品,2种方法相对误差为-34.7%~+6.86%,能满足半定量检测要求,符合环境应急监测分析的要求。 相似文献
472.
为进一步加强饮用水源地环境安全,防范各类涉及饮用水源地突发环境事件,笔者收集与整理了兴化市范围集中式饮用水源地资料,对全市集中式饮用水源进行调查和评估,提出生活污水污染问题、农业面源污染和养殖业污染问题、企业偷排漏排问题、饮用水源地取水口设置不合理、地域特点造成自净能力差等问题,并针对以上问题提出污染防治措施及环境对策。 相似文献
473.
474.
生态效率是基于可持续发展的思想,鉴于循环经济发展和实际环境的需求,通过构建循环经济发展评价的生态效率测算模型,针对循环经济中资源和环境2个重要方面,选择实例进行模型的应用。所选择研究对象经过测算,生态效率在"十一五"期间呈现波动上升,在5年时间增长了1.1倍,但仍处于末端治理为主的循环经济发展阶段,较为客观地反映了当地循环经济的发展轨迹。通过相关分析和说明,为循环经济发展评价提供生态效率分析这一方案选择。 相似文献
475.
476.
“水污染防治行动计划”实施背景下我国水环境管理优化对策研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对我国日益凸显的水资源过度开发、水环境污染、水资源短缺、用水效率与效益低下等水危机,对我国近年来出台最严格水资源管理制度、"水污染防治行动计划"(称"水十条")等水资源管理、水环境保护相关政策与研究进展及国外在水环境管理方面经验进行了探讨。分析了"水十条"实施后在水资源管理、水生态安全、法律法规与执法监管、资金投入与激励机制、技术推进与公众参与等需解决的关键问题与推进重点工作,提出具体措施包括以协作机制优化区域流域水环境管理,完善水权交易并规范绿色投融资体系,创新水文化建设与公众参与模式,优化分区、分级、共治的水环境管理法规与执法支撑体系,强化信息化、集成化的水环境管理与应用等。 相似文献
477.
478.
In this study, an interval-based regret-analysis (IBRA) model is developed for supporting long-term planning of municipal solid waste (MSW) management activities in the City of Changchun, the capital of Jilin Province, China. The developed IBRA model incorporates approaches of interval–parameter programming (IPP) and minimax–regret (MMR) analysis within an integer programming framework, such that uncertainties expressed as both interval values and random variables can be reflected. The IBRA can account for economic consequences under all possible scenarios associated with different system costs and risk levels without making assumptions on probabilistic distributions for random variables. A regret matrix with interval elements is generated based on a matrix of interval system costs, such that desired decision alternatives can be identified according to the interval minimax regret (IMMR) criterion. The results indicate that reasonable solutions have been generated. They can help decision makers identify the desired alternatives regarding long-term MSW management with a compromise between minimized system cost and minimized system-failure risk. 相似文献
479.
Tongzhu Zhang Jiangwei Chu Xueping WangXianghai Liu Pengfei Cui 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2011,55(6):613-622
Along with the increasing number of automotive output and End-of-Life vehicles (ELVs) in China, resources shortage and environmental pollution are aggravating, so the tremendous need to reuse automotive components gives birth to the industry. The Chinese government becomes to realize that it is necessary to build a conservation-oriented and environment-friendly harmonious society. As the ultimate form of recycling, remanufacturing will be an effective method to promote the development of Chinese circular economy. The automotive remanufacturing industry in China is just at the preliminary stage, this paper presents some problems before remanufacturing, during remanufacturing and after remanufacturing, and then it points out several barriers, such as restrictive policies and regulations, consumer acceptance, scarcity of technologies, etc. Like many other developed countries, Chinese remanufacturing industry will also experience the primary stage, growth stage and developed stage. while the emphasis of resources input will not be the same. By analyzing the resources input characteristics at different development stages, three development patterns, such as the Government Incenting Pattern, Technology Driving Pattern and Market Leading Pattern, are put forward. At present, the cooperation of the government, industry, universities and research institutes, etc, will jointly construct the enhancing system of automotive components remanufacturing industry in China. Finally, it concludes with a summary and some suggestions in the field. 相似文献
480.
Environmental problems associated with socio-economic development have been growing concerns faced by many regional and/or national authorities. However, effective planning may encounter difficulties since uncertainties existing in a number of impact factors and pollution-related processes are often not well acknowledged and reflected. This study advances an interval-fuzzy chance-constrained programming (IFCP) method for planning regional economic and environmental systems, where uncertainties presented as intervals, fuzzy sets and probability distributions can be tackled. The developed method is applied to a real-world case for economic and environmental planning in the New Binhai District in the Municipality of Tianjin, China. Two scenarios based on multiple environmental constraints are examined. The results can help identify desired alternatives for planning regional development strategies, where compromised schemes are provided under an integrated consideration of economic efficiency and environmental protection under multiple uncertainties. 相似文献