秦皇岛港煤码头四期工程环境保护设施综述

通过对秦皇岛港煤四期码头环境建设情况的介绍和分析，综述煤码头环保建设的必要性和如何实施工程建议的环保“三同时”以及实现环境效益，经济效益和社会效益的统一。     

数据库与计算机计算中环境监测数据的正确修约

在使用数据库和计算机计算环境监测数据时,应该按照数值修约规则,编制和使用正确的计算处理程序。     

石河子垦区农业生态环境

对垦区农业环境影响较突出的水污染状况，土壤次生盐渍化及土地沙化等环境问题进行研究分析，认为：垦区农业环境生态保护要兼顾垦区内外，绿洲内制约农业经济发展的重要问题仍然是水资源合理利用和土壤沙漠化问题，城市生态要严格控制工业废水的排放。     

哈密地区环境中氡及其子体浓度所致居民剂量评价

用双滤膜法和Ｔｈｏｍａｓ三段法测定了哈密地区环境空气中氡及其子体浓度．结果表明，室内氡及其子体浓度平均值分别为２８．ＯＢｑ·ｍ－３和７．５×１０－８Ｊ·ｍ－３，室外氡及其子体浓度平均值分别为１０．７Ｂｑ·ｍ－３和３．１×１０－３Ｊ·ｍ－３．氡及其子体所致居民人均有效剂量当量为１．０３ｍＳｖ·ａ－１，集体有效剂量当量为４．２×１０２ｍａｎ·Ｓｖ．     

模糊综合评价在青藏铁路西格段沿线生态环境影响评价中的应用

介绍了模糊综合评价方法,并应用该方法对青藏铁路(西格段)沿线的环境影响,尤其是生态环境影响进行了评价.实例表明,被评价范围内的生态环境敏感性为中等,青藏铁路(西格段)增建第二线的工程对原有地形植被、生态环境造成了一定影响.模糊综合评价方法对于生态环境影响分析与评价具有重要的参考意义和应用价值.     

当代世界50起重大毒性灾害初析

本文对当代世界１９３０～１９９２年５０起重大毒性灾害进行了分析。其中药物中毒６起，食物中毒７起，环境污染８起，毒气泄漏５起，有毒化学品与有毒气体爆炸９起，核爆炸与核辐射６起，恐怖行为２起，其它毒性灾害７起。本文还对减轻毒性灾害的基本对策进行了探讨。     

Culture and the environment in the United States

The beliefs of Americans about the proper relationship between humans and their environment were profoundly affected by waves of immigration from Europe. Immigrants valued ownership of land, individuality, freedom, domination of nature, and technological development. These themes remain strong today as centerpieces of the American dominant social paradigm (DSP).That DSP has been reexamined and found wanting by an increasing proportion of Americans. This departure from the old DSP has progressed further among the public than among the elite who have a greater stake in preserving the status quo. Environmentalists constitute a vanguard trying to lead the people to a new, more environmentally oriented social paradigm. The beliefs of the old DSP and the new environmental paradigm (NEP) are contrasted in Table 2. Briefly, the NEP advocates stress love of nature rather than domination of it; compassion for other peoples, future generations, and other species; planning to avoid risk; limits to growth; fundamental social change; and a new structuring of politics.These two worldviews are likely to be in vigorous conflict for several decades in the USA. Social learning, spurred by deterioration of the old ways, is likely to lead Americans to a new perspective on their relationship to nature.With the advice and assistance of Barbara V. Fisher.     

Culture and the environment in the Soviet Union

The Soviet Union is one of the most physically and culturally diverse nations on earth. Its natural environment embraces a rich variety of resources and ecosystems, many of which, such as Lake Baikal, are of world significance. Culturally, it is comprised of over a hundred ethnic groups, belonging to eight major language groups and six major religions. However, two cultures are dominant: the Slavic group (which takes in 75% of the USSR population and 80% of its land area) and the Turkic-Islamic peoples who account for the large majority of the remainder. Owing to the highly centralized nature of the country's political-administrative system, however, the effect of culture or ethnic traditions in the resolution of national environmental issues is quite small. Major decisions regarding either specific conservation issues or basic environmental policies are made at the centralized level by ministerial, planning, and Communist Party officials, and are based on pragmatically refined ideological considerations, rather than on regional cultural attitudes. This pragmatic refining of ideological considerations will involve the weighing of specific economic and environmental imperatives, and deciding on appropriate trade-offs. To find cultural expression in environmental management, one would need to look closely at local projects and approaches in the various ethnic regions, particularly the non-Slavic ones.     

Regulation for environmental protection: The Nanticoke industrial complex,Ontario, Canada

This assessment of the environmental protection regulatory system for the $2.2 billion iron and steel plant, oil refinery, and thermal generating station composing the core of the greenfield Nanticoke industrial complex is based upon: the use of governmental and industrial research in project management; technology and institutional arrangements for environmental protection; evidence of environmental changes to date; analysis of government and industrial approval files; and interviews with government, industry, and interest group representatives. Planning, regulation, and management have been reasonably efficient and effective to the beginning of the operational stage for all three major industries as of spring 1980. Of major future concern, however, is management of the cumulative and synergistic impacts of the industries and associated development on air quality as well as the lands, waters, and sensitive ecosystems of the nearby Lake Erie coast. Continuous monitoring, more comprehensive research, and better overall coordination of government, industrial, and public interests are required if Nanticoke benefits are to be achieved without undue cost to pre-project resource users within and outside the Haldimand-Norfolk region.     

Mapping pesticide contamination potential

Groundwater contamination by agricultural chemicals is a major environmental pollution issue nation-wide. The regulatory agencies of towns and counties face the problem of finding a methodology for assessing the ground-water contamination potential of a large number of agricultural pesticides. Because of the spatial nature of the problem and the limited data availability for comprehensive pesticide movement models, a contamination potential index was employed for preliminary assessment. A specially designed geographic information system was used to create ground-water contamination likelihood maps for a 1500 km² area. The results suggest that this methodology can be used successfully for evaluating the relative contamination potential of a large number of pesticides over large areas with limited input data. A tentative approach for using this method for monitoring and registration of pesticides is also discussed.