江苏省“十一五”环境保护规划指标可达性分析

分析了江苏省环境质量现状及变化趋势,探讨了江苏省“十一五”期间环境保护规划指标实现的主要影响因素．并从环境现状、趋势及相应对策措施角度分析了指标的可达性。分析结果表明,到2010年底,要全面实现江苏省的“十一五”环境保护规划指标任务非常艰巨．尤其是可吸入颗粒物指标和太湖流域水质的改善指标。     

一种新的环境与经济评价指数方法的研究

本文针对目前面临的经济发展和环境影响难于定量评价的难题,基于库兹涅茨曲线原理建立了一个对指定样本以经济指标和环境指标为变量的评价指数(库线指数)。并分别将区域、行业或企业设为样本,以其生产总值和污染物排放量为变量,进行了库线指数计算、分析和评价。结果表明该指数能够清晰地说明评价样本经济发展和环境影响的相互关系性质和变化趋势。     

长江下游典型硫铁矿集采区矿山地质环境现状分析

文章在对长江下游铜陵硫铁矿集中开采区矿山地质环境系统调查的基础上,分析阐述了主要矿山地质环境问题及其成因、分布特征,其中地面塌陷、含水层破坏和水土污染较为严重;结合矿山地质环境现状、保护治理政策及成效,分析预测了矿山地质环境问题的发展趋势,为矿山地质环境恢复治理提供了基础支撑作用。     

Highlights of some environmental problems of geomedical significance in Nigeria

This paper attempts to discuss the links between the geochemical composition of rocks and minerals and the geographical distribution of diseases in human beings in Nigeria. We know that the natural composition of elements in our environment (in the bedrock, soils, water, and vegetation) may be the major cause of enrichment or depletion in these elements and may become a direct risk to human health. Similarly, anthropogenic activities such as mining and mineral processes, industrial waste disposal, agriculture, etc., could distort the natural geochemical equilibrium of the environment. Thus, the enrichment or depletion of geochemical elements in the environment are controlled either by natural and/or anthropogenic processes. The increased ingestion of toxic trace elements such as As, Cd, Hg, Pb, and F, whether directly or indirectly, adversely affects human health. Of these, Cd has most dangerous long-term effect on human health. Environmental exposure to As and Hg is a causal factor in human carcinogenesis and numerous cancer health disorders. Available information on iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) in Nigeria indicates goiter prevalence rates of between 15% and 59% in several affected areas. There have been reported cases of dental fluorosis resulting from intake of water with fluoride content >1.5 ppm. Dental caries among children shows an overall prevalence rate of 39.9%. Within the Younger Granite province in central Nigeria, cases of cancer and miscarriages in pregnant women have been linked to natural radiation These examples and a number of others from the existing literature underscore the pressing need for the development of collaborative research to increase our understanding of the relationship between the geographical distribution of human and animal diseases in Nigeria and environmental factors. We submit that such knowledge is essential for the control and management of these diseases.     

湖北冶金建设项目环境评价工作状况的研讨

198 6年以来 ,湖北省冶金企业总投资在 2 0 0 0万元以上的建设项目全部按国家法律、法规要求 ,执行了环评制度。共 6 7项大中型项目进行了环境影响评价 ,从而做到了增产不增污 ,保证了经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的统一 ;满足了工程建设要求。有些报告存在的主要缺陷是 :反映污染的基础数据代表性不够 ;单一的方案使评价无法比较优化 ;评价污染时抓主要矛盾综合分析不够 ;对策建议缺乏针对性和工程实用性 ;污染防治方案欠缺经济分析内容等。分析了存在问题的原因并提出了改进建议。     

Model of technological alternatives of production of sodium chromate (VI) with the use of chromic wastes

This article presents a mathematical model which describes the sodium chromate (VI) production process with the use of chromic waste as a substitution of natural raw materials. This model is a function of selected process parameters common for all of the examined alternatives and based on equations of material balance. Optimization of the elaborated technological alternatives of the production process with use of recycling of chromic waste has been evaluated by determining the extreme value of the quality indicator WJ. This indicator defines the quantity of waste created in the process. Optimization results enabled the selection of the optimal technological solution from all of the alternatives possible for use in industrial practice. Negative values of the indicator prove that there is the possibility of introducing to the process a larger quantity of waste than the one obtained in the process and transported to the storage heaps.     

The Interuniversity Consortium, Chemistry for the Environment (INCA)

The Interuniversity Consortium, Chemistry for the Environment (INCA), was founded in Venice in October 1993. It groups about thirty Italian universities and relies on the research contributions of chemists having different specialities (environmental, physical-chemical, organic, inorganic, analytic, industrial and biochemical), together with researchers coming from other disciplines engaged in environmental research. Consortium INCA has its administrative offices in Venice.     

生态文明建设评价考核的党政同责问题

党政同责是生态文明建设的关键落实手段。评价考核适用于哪些党政机关,如何针对党政机关区别设计评价考核指标,评价考核的结果如何运用等,是落实生态文明党政同责的也是相当重要的内容。中共中央和国务院联合发布生态文明建设党政同责评价考核办法,十八届三中全会文件等党的文件和《环境保护法》等国家法律成为实行党政同责的依据。在角色定位方面,党政同责作为一个保障手段比较稳妥;在指导思想方面,明确党政系统对生态文明建设的主导作用,强化党政领导干部的生态文明责任意识,健全党政领导干部的追责体制和机制;在考核对象方面,把党政系统以及相关领导作为考核对象予以明确;在评价考核指标方面,要区别设计党政两个系统的考核指标体系;在评价考核原则方面,坚持党统领生态文明建设和党政考核并重的原则。地方党政系统的评价考核应分为年度、中期和离任评价考核,评价考核结果要能引起党委特别是组织和纪检监察机关的重视。既应对成绩突出的地区和领导干部给予表彰奖励,也要建立生态补偿、区域限批等损害责任追究制度,健全党政领导干部任内考核责任制和终身责任制。     

区域水环境安全预警系统框架的建立及应用

从保护人类社会与水环境之间的协调出发，以环境风险评价理论为基础，从区域水环境安全风险管理的角度，提出了构建区域水环境安全预警系统的方法。对预警系统运作的基本环节作了具体说明，并以南水北调东线工程为例，介绍了该方法的应用成果。     

Fishing for Prawn Larvae in Bangladesh: An Important Coastal Livelihood Causing Negative Effects on the Environment

Freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) farming in Bangladesh has, to a large extent, been dependent on the supply of wild larvae. Although there are 81 freshwater prawn hatcheries in the country, a lack of technical knowledge, inadequate skilled manpower, and an insufficient supply of wild broods have limited hatchery production. Many thousands of coastal poor people, including women, are engaged in fishing for wild prawn larvae along the coastline during a few months each year. On average, 40% of the total yearly income for these people comes from prawn larvae fishing activity. However, indiscriminate fishing of wild larvae, with high levels of bycatch of juvenile fish and crustaceans, may impact negatively on production and biodiversity in coastal ecosystems. This concern has provoked the imposition of restrictions on larvae collection. The ban has, however, not been firmly enforced because of the limited availability of hatchery-raised larvae, the lack of an alternative livelihood for people involved in larvae fishing, and weak enforcement power. This article discusses the environmental and social consequences of prawn larvae fishing and concludes that, by increasing awareness among fry fishers, improving fishing techniques (reducing bycatch mortality), and improving the survival of fry in the market chain, a temporal ban may be a prudent measure when considering the potential negative impacts of bycatch. However, it also suggests that more research is needed to find out about the impact of larvae fishing on nontarget organisms and on the populations of targeted species.