运用绩效管理推动地方政府抓紧抓实生态环境建设

绩效管理作为推动地方政府建设生态环境的有效手段和方式,能够把生态环境建设纳入地方政府的绩效管理,从而推动地方政府实施生态环境建设。在此过程中应侧重于如下几个问题：提高环境保护在政府绩效评价体系中的地位与比重;探索建立生态文明建设动态评价系统,对环境质量和生态发展进行区域性监控与跟踪;将国家环境功能区划纳入到地方经济社会发展规划中,成为地方政府绩效考核的基本依据和内容;坚持绩效管理理念,推进环境风险全过程管理;强化目标责任制,构建科学发展的长效机制;从以内部考核为主向内外考核兼顾转变。     

生物质发电工程的环保设计

简要介绍生物质发电工程环保设计的重点,确保环保达标;并总结工程设计中遇到的常见问题,给出优化设计结果,以促进生物质发电工程的不断发展。     

植物在环境保护中的作用

随着现代工业和城市的迅速发展,人类活动对环境影响越来越大,环境污染也随之日益加重,因此迫切需要寻求切实可行的环保措施。利用植物、发挥植物在环境中的作用进行保护就是一种直接有效的方法。本文着重从净化环境和监测环境两个方面阐述植物在环境保护中的作用。     

Garden/Art: The Nature-Based Sculpture Program of the South Carolina Botanical Garden

This essay discusses an art program developed to engage viewers in environmental thought through unexpected experiences. Spread over 300 acres, the 15 nature-based sculptures of the South Carolina Botanical Garden (SCBG) are creative interventions developed with local natural materials to suit their separate unique sites. Since its inception in 1995, the SCBG's sculpture program has worked with artists of national and international prominence to create a world-renowned collection of nature-based site-specific sculptures. Placed in various terrains, without explanation, visitors to the garden experience the art outside of the more common context of gallery or museum space. The sculptures blur distinctions between nature and culture, as well as disrupt the presuppositions attached to public spaces, natural spaces, and artistic expression.     

城市水环境治理运作机制构建与创新

中国实行改革开放以来，工业化和城市化推动了城市经济的快速增长，但城市水环境破坏严重。政府部门曾采取一些措施来改善水环境，但并未有效解决污染问题。由于城市水环境治理问题的重要性和紧迫性，国家科技部在武汉市汉阳区启动“水专项”寻求有效的治理模式。由于采用新的制度安排，注重科学技术与管理制度的结合，明显改善了汉阳地区的水环境。“武汉水专项”的试验显示出市场机制在城市水环境治理这类公益项目中同样是有效率的。构建更加有效的城市水环境治理运作机制既是必要的，也是可能的。构建城市水环境治理运作机制的核心是在确保水环境改善的公共目标的基础上，实现城市水环境治理投入的外部效应内部化，城市水环境治理可以成为具有广阔市场和丰厚盈利的现代服务业.     

Guidelines and legislation for dye house effluents

Increasing attention has been paid over the years to the environmental problems related to industrial activities. Environmental standards have been established and control organisms have been created with a view to applying restrictive legislation. In the dyeing industry, ennoblers discharge in the environment large volumes of strongly coloured effluents that are heavily loaded with pollutants and highly concentrated in salts. This chemical load is generated during the different steps of textile preparation. After reviewing the characteristics of these effluents, this paper gives a comparative review of the current legislations on the dyeing industry emissions. It examines more closely the discharge legislation, first in France and then in other countries around the world. A comparison of the six most representative parameters shows how different the applied constraints are in different countries.     

IFRP: a hybrid interval-parameter fuzzy robust programming approach for waste management planning under uncertainty

In this study, an interval-parameter fuzzy-robust programming (IFRP) model is developed and applied to the planning of solid waste management systems under uncertainty. As an extension of the existing fuzzy-robust programming and interval-parameter linear programming methods, the IFRP can explicitly address system uncertainties with complex presentations. Parameters in the IFRP model can be represented as interval numbers and/or fuzzy membership functions, such that the uncertainties can be directly communicated into the optimization process and resulting solution. Furthermore, highly uncertain information for the lower and upper bounds of interval parameters that exist due to the complexity of the real world can be effectively handled through introducing the concept of fuzzy boundary interval. Consequently, robustness of the optimization process and solution can be enhanced. Results of the case study indicate that useful solutions for planning municipal solid waste management practices can be generated. They reflect a compromise between optimality and stability of the study system. Willingness to pay higher costs will guarantee the system stability; however, a desire to reduce the costs will run the risk of potential instability of the system. The results also suggest that the proposed hybrid methodology is applicable to practical problems that are associated with highly complex and uncertain information.     

Continuous pollution monitoring using Photobacterium phosphoreum

Photobacterium phosphoreum is a marine bacterium which is used extensively as a bioluminescent indicator of pollutants, where the presence of toxicants diminishes light output. To evaluate the utility of cell immobilisation in continuous toxicity testing, the sensitivity of P. phosphoreum to five gelling agents was evaluated relative to the retention of bioluminescence in 3% NaCl-glycerol suspensions. Following storage at 4°C, the control cultures retained light output for up to 2 weeks before significant decline; alginate-glycerol suspensions were stable for up to 4 weeks and bioluminescence was detectable for up to 6 weeks. Cells stored in agar were no more stable than the control, whereas cells gelled in agarose and low-melting point agarose showed a significant decline in bioluminescence within 2 weeks of storage. Bioluminescence was totally retained in alginate-glycerol suspensions stored at −80°C for up to 12 weeks. P. phosphoreum was successfully immobilised in strontium alginate and showed a dose-related response to four of the five heavy metal ions, SDS and pentachlorophenol tested when responses were followed over a time-course. A flow-through system for Sr-alginate immobilised cells was developed and conditions for operation were optimised. When cells were exposed to a pulse of 4-nitrophenol or salicylate then the nutrient feed continued, bioluminescence declined in response (pulse of 4–6 min) to these pollutants then recovered to a new stable rate of decline which was faster than the pre-exposure rate. These results demonstrate the potential of using immobilised P. phosphoreum in a continuous flow-through system for real-time environmental monitoring of water quality.     

利用动、植物进行环境监测的探讨

本文对动、植物在环境监测中的应用进行了分析、探讨，把动、植物作为环境监测的重要补充部份，将能更全面、准确的反应环境质量状况。     

推行国际标准化环境管理体系持续改进企业的环境行为

洛阳石化总厂通过建立与实施国际标准化环境管理体系 ,特别是通过体系中 5个要素的运行与控制 ,使企业的环境管理更加规范、有效。同时通过不断追求新的环境目标、指标的实现 ,使企业的环境行为得到了改进 ,不仅取得了环境效益 ,而且取得了经济效益。