建立我国重大事故预防控制体系之探讨

简述了我国重大工业事故发生的主要原因，提出了建立重大事故预防控制体系的建议，制定《重大事故预防和控制法》，实行重大危险源上报、登记、评价、分级监察管理，建立国家、省、市三级重大事故应急反应系统和重大危险源动态监控网络系统。     

易燃易爆重大危险源安全监测系统校验的等周期数学模型

按照校验费和损失费最小以及有效度最大的原则分别给出了安全监测系统校验的等周期模型。当安全监测系统的无故障工作时间服从威布尔分布时，给出了模型的解法。     

An evaluation of resource inventory and monitoring program used in national forest planning

The National Forest Management Act (1976) specifies that multiresource inventories be conducted to provide baseline data for development and, later, monitoring of national forest management plans. This mandate entails the most ambitious and complex resource planning effort ever attempted. In this paper we evaluate the structure and use of current inventory-monitoring programs and recommend a framework for gathering data to improve national forest planning. Current national guidelines are general and provide only basic directions to forest-level planners. Forest inventories have traditionally concentrated on timber. Although these inventories are often well designed, the questions we are now asking about forest resources have outgrown these methods. Forest management is impeded by general confusion over definitions of resources and the interactions among them. We outline a simple classification scheme that centers on identification of basic ecosystem elements that can be readily measured. Furthermore, spatial and temporal scales must be considered in the design of inventory-monitoring programs. The concept of ecological indicators is reviewed, and caution is advised in their use. Inventory-monitoring programs should be goal-directed and based on as rigorous a statistical design as possible. We also review fundamental issues of variable selection, validation, and sampling bias. We conclude by developing a flexible inventory-monitoring program that is designed to provide information on individual characteristics of the environment, rather than being based on fixed definitions of resources.     

Disturbance of natural vegetation by camping: Experimental applications of low-level stress

Previously undisturbed sites in four different vegetation types were camped on for one night and for four nights. Changes in vegetation cover and vegetation height were measured after camping and one year later. Results are presented separately for different campsite zones—parts of the site where campers slept, cooked meals, and stored their packs. Just one night of camping was sufficient to cause evident impact in all four vegetation types, although the amount of impact varied significantly between zones and between vegetation types. Vegetation impact on campsites used four nights was generally less than twice as severe as impact on the sites used one night. The effects of camping on vegetation were also predicted for 12 other vegetation types on the basis of vegetational responses to experimental trampling. These results suggest that impact can almost always be minimized by confining camping to a small number of campsites instead of dispersing use across many campsites.     

COMPARISON OF PROCESS‐BASED AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK APPROACHES FOR STREAMFLOW MODELING IN AN AGRICULTURAL WATERSHED1

ABSTRACT: The performance of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and artificial neural network (ANN) models in simulating hydrologic response was assessed in an agricultural watershed in southeastern Pennsylvania. All of the performance evaluation measures including Nash‐Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (E) and coefficient of determination (R²) suggest that the ANN monthly predictions were closer to the observed flows than the monthly predictions from the SWAT model. More specifically, monthly streamflow E and R² were 0.54 and 0.57, respectively, for the SWAT model calibration period, and 0.71 and 0.75, respectively, for the ANN model training period. For the validation period, these values were ?0.17 and 0.34 for the SWAT and 0.43 and 0.45 for the ANN model. SWAT model performance was affected by snowmelt events during winter months and by the model's inability to adequately simulate base flows. Even though this and other studies using ANN models suggest that these models provide a viable alternative approach for hydrologic and water quality modeling, ANN models in their current form are not spatially distributed watershed modeling systems. However, considering the promising performance of the simple ANN model, this study suggests that the ANN approach warrants further development to explicitly address the spatial distribution of hydrologic/water quality processes within watersheds.     

西部大开发中的新疆生态环境建设

新疆地处祖国西北边陲，其国土面积、资源储备和战略地位都在西部开发中居于重要地位。长期以来，由于人们对自然资源的不合理利用，加之经济发展滞后，使得该地区的生态环境遭到严重破坏，土地沙漠化、水土流失、森林、草场严重退化。正确认识和评价新疆的生态环境现状及其承载力，制定遏制生态环境恶化的有效方法，促进生态系统的良性循环，实现人与自然的和谐统一，是西部大开发中实现新疆经济、社会可持续发展的基础。     

森林植被在生态环境建设中的作用

本文对森林植被在生态环境建设中的作用进行了分折,指出森林植被建设是生态环境建设的重点,建议加快我因森林植被的建设与恢复,改善生态环境。     

新型安全管理模式——HSE管理体系的理念与模式研究

笔者提出了建立适合市场经济条件的、新型安全管理模式的设想 ;介绍和研究了国内外大型石油公司实行的健康、安全与环境管理体系 (HSE管理体系 )的理念、模式与实施方法。HSE模式是国外石油公司面对频繁发生的事故 ,经冷静反思后 ,自发自愿建立 ,并逐步完善的一种管理体系 ,因而其安全理念和管理模式对市场经济下的各类企业均有一定的指导和借鉴意义。HSE体制将政府的安全管理 ,转变为企业行为。HSE管理体系的建立 ,为企业提供了以系统理论为指导、融合全面质量管理等理念的一种新型现代安全管理方法。     

冶金行业设备、设施安全装备状况分析

针对冶金行业当前生产实际 ,阐述了几种不同生产系统的设备、安全装备状况 ,并从总体上分析了该行业在此方面与国内外先进系统的差距及其原因 ,然后提出了对策和建议。     

盾构施工对周围建筑物的安全影响及处理措施

讨论了盾构施工对周围建筑物的安全影响 ;分析了盾构通过建筑物时的组织方法 ;论述了盾构施工影响区域的划分和对建筑物影响进行预测的手段 ;提出了盾构通过建筑物时的施工控制参数和常见的工程处理措施。笔者就盾构施工引起的建筑物安全问题及其应对措施进行了论述和总结 ,为工程技术人员提供了有益的参考。