关于安全科学的几个重要概念的再认识

对安全科学理论中的安全、安全技术、安全系统、安全性与危险性、危险墒与危险度、安全管理与安全信息、安全本质与安全本质化等概念提出了新认识。     

Environmental impact assessment (EIA): Equilibrium fugacity calculations and worst case approach

A mathematical model UNITRISK which can be used for screening purposes and risk ranking was set up to calculate relative risk values of single chemicals and mixtures of chemicals towards single or mixtures of organisms via contamination of air, water, soil and food dose. The concentration values are calculated by applying the fugacity concept or a dose must be defined. The dose-response is assumed to be linear versus concentration and degradative processes are not considered which is the worst case. The assumption that equilibria between the environmental phases exist is simplifying the model and is also representing the worst case. A mean risk factor is calculated which is 1 if the endpoint values (LC₅₀, LD₅₀, ADI, etc.) are exceeded for the investigated organisms and man.     

企业现代化安全管理技术的探讨

以系统论、信息论、控制论作指导,综合运用安全系统工程有关技术,结合企业现场安全管理实际,提出以危险源辨识为基础,狠抓系统危险控制为核心,进行安全检查改革,危险预知活动和标准化作业,安全评价为控制机制的一整套企业现代化安全管理模式,并开发了系统动力学安全评价模型12种有关计算机软件。所获成果既可作为大中型企业自主安全管理,实施危险控制有效手段,又为主管部门进行宏观安全管理工作,实施劳动安全监察提供一种有效的新方法。     

安全工程学科建设与专业建设

分析了目前我国安全工程学科建设和专业建设中存在的问题，提出了我国安全工程学科建设和专业建设的一些设想和看法。     

Ecological analysis of disturbed riverbanks in the Montréal area of Québec

In revegetation trials on disturbed riverbank sites in the Montréal region (Québec, Canada), an analysis of their structure by means of their biotic and abiotic components was undertaken. Vegetation sampling and physical surveys, together with soil analyses of 62 stands, grouped in 20 sectors, were carried out in the summer of 1986. The statistical analyses of biotic and abiotic data were executed in parallel by a hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (arithmetic average clustering) and by an ordination in reduced space (principal coordinate analysis). The species colonizing these riverbanks are, for the most part, ruderals from the Montréal region, of which more than 50% are introduced species. The pioneering communities characterizing these artificial habitats have had very little impact on the physical conditions of their environment; therefore, the ordination on the plant communities proves to be strongly correlated to the ordination stemming from the abiotic components. The statistical analysis retains the original sectors, underlining the fact that each human intervention generally results in the creation of a particular ecological situation.     

略论市场经济条件下职业安全卫生中介组织的作用及运作模式

分析了在市场经济条件下，由于政府转变职能，企业转换机制，安全管理面临的四个不相适应，解决办法就是大力发展按市场经济规律运作的职业安全卫生中介组织，并初步探讨了这种中介组织的基本功能、特征及运作方式     

中国职业安全卫生概论及建筑业安全生产经验

保护劳动者在劳动过程中的安全与健康,明载于《中华人民共和国宪法》,是我国的一项基本国策,中国政府为贯彻执行这一国策,在职业安全卫生工作中实行了“安全第一,预防为主”的方针,实行了“国家劳动安全监察制度”,建立了国家监察、检测检验、宣传教育、科学研究和信息的五大保证系统,并加快了职业安全卫生立法工作的进程,为降低伤亡事故,改善劳动条件做出了很大的贡献。随着经济建设的迅速发展,中国大陆的建筑队伍不断扩大。为确保建筑施工安全,国家对建筑队伍、对起重机械和机动车辆、对建筑企业经理与特殊工种的操作人员、对施工现场均采取了一系列行之有效的安全监察措施,促进了建筑安全工作的开展。     

Prioritizing ecological and human welfare risks from environmental stresses

The ecological systems of Earth are subjected to a wide array of environmental stresses resulting from human activities. The development of appropriate environmental protection and management policies and the appropriate allocation of resources across environmental stresses require a systematic evaluation of relative risks. The data and methodologies for comprehensive ecological risk assessment do not exist, yet we do have considerable understanding of econological stress-response relationships. A methodology is presented to utilize present knowledge for assignment of relative risks to ecological systems and human welfare from anthropogenic stresses. The resultant priorities, developed for the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) relative risk reduction project, highlight global climate change, habitat alteration, stratospheric ozone depletion, and species depletion as the highest environmental risks, significantly diverging from the present emphasis by EPA and the public on toxic chemical issues. Enhanced attention to ecological issues by EPA and development of ecological risk assessment methodologies that value ecological and economic issues equitably are key recommendations.     

机械产品安全性评价的研究

产品的本质安全化,是改善劳动条件,提高全社会安全水平的重要保障。产品的安全性评价,是判断产品本质安全程度的主要依据。本文以机械产品为例,在调查研究和统计分析的基础上,运用统计权数理论和模糊综合评判方法,提出了机械产品安全性评价指标体系和量化方法。     

漏电开关质量可靠性评价指标及模型的探讨——兼论民用建筑安全供用电网络的可靠构筑

结合对电气可靠性技术的宏观分析态势及安全减灾[9][10]的迫切要求,研究了实用的漏电开关质量可靠性评价指标及分析模型;针对漏电开关的故障,提出了构筑现代民用建筑(多指住宅)供用电安全网络的实施要点及有关标准化措施。