建设项目环境影响评价公众参与过程中常见的问题分析

结合建设项目环境影响报告书评审过程中公众参与章节出现的问题,总结实际工作过程中的公众参与章节以及评价过程中的公众参与工作程序、调查内容、调查对象、调查方式、专题编制等方面所存在的问题;针对这些问题提出相应的解决对策和措施,指导环评工作者在日常工作中如何避免出现类似问题和更有效的进行公众参与,并更好的发挥环境影响评价过程中公众参与的作用。针对目前环境影响评价公众参与制度、效果等问题提出了相关意见。     

聊城古云地区地下水环境质量评价与分析

通过对古云地区地下水开发利用调查和污染取样分析,结合实际情况选取了15项评价因子,采用内梅罗综合指数法按照地下水质量评价标准(GB/T 14848-93)进行水质评价。结果表明:古云地区浅层地下水已受到较为严重的污染,全区均为Ⅳ级水和Ⅴ级水,且二者所占比例为Ⅳ级水占25%,Ⅴ级水占75%。污染物以石油类、酚类为主,该类污染物主要分布在西部石油开采区和金堤河沿线。部分样品中砷污染也较为严重,主要分布于古云地区中部。     

移动通信基站项目EIA公众参与原则与方案设计

结合电磁辐射类项目特点及难点,阐述公众参与的环境知情权、环境参与权和环境司法请求权3原则。围绕原则梳理公众关心的主要问题,制订出信息公示内容及公众参与方案,并对公众参与制度提出合理建议,对开展移动通信基站项目公众参与具有理论指导和现实意义     

钦州湾沉积物有机氯农药赋存特征与生态风险

利用GC-ECD测定了钦州湾沉积物中17种有机氯农药的含量,并对其组分分布和来源进行了分析。结果表明,样品中有机氯农药的总量为1.50～129ng/g,滴滴涕(DDTs)浓度为0.59～126ng/g,六六六(HCHs)的浓度为nd～2.65ng/g。有机氯农药的分布特征为茅尾海>钦州外湾,茅尾海东岸>西岸。组分分布特征分析显示,DDTs主要来自于历史积累,林丹在某些采样区域内有近期输入。与国内外不同地区沉积物中有机氯农药残留相比,钦州湾沉积物中有机氯农药污染处于低到中等水平。以沉积物生态风险评估值为基准的分析表明,研究区内DDT含量存在较大的生态风险。     

走低碳发展之路实现生态文明之梦

低碳发展是一种以低耗能,低污染,低排放为特征的可持续发展模式。本文简述了走低碳发展之路既是可持续发展的要求,也是实现发展与环保双赢的保证。     

Marine spatial planning: Coordinating divergent marine interests

Globally, ecosystem-based marine spatial planning has become a useful instrument to coordinate the planning of different authorities. This, for balancing different requirements when managing marine areas and space. In the planning process, ecology is setting limits to which human activities are acceptable to the society. The use of the marine environment can be planned similarly as the land environment. We argue that there are several aspects which must be taken into consideration. Marine activities have traditionally been planned and managed in a sectoral way. Today, it has become obvious that a more holistic, multi-sectoral and coordinated approach is needed in future successful marine planning and management. The increased awareness of the importance of the oceans and seas challenges the traditional sector division and geographical limits in marine policy and calls for better coordinated and coherent marine policies.     

Occurrence, profiles, and ecotoxicity of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances and their alternatives in global apex predators: A critical review

Certain poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) exhibit significant bioaccumulation/biomagnification behaviors in ecosystems. PFASs, such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) and related precursors, have elicited attention from both public and national regulatory agencies, which has resulted in worldwide restrictions on their production and use. Apex predators occupy the top trophic positions in ecosystems and are most affected by the biomagnification behavior of PFASs. Meanwhile, the long lifespans of apex predators also lead to the high body burden of PFASs. The high body burden of PFASs might be linked to adverse health effects and even pose a potential threat to their reproduction. As seen in previous reviews of PFASs, knowledge is lacking between the current stage of the PFAS body burden and related effects in apex predators. This review summarized PFAS occurrence in global apex predators, including information on the geographic distribution, levels, profiles, and tissue distribution, and discussed the trophic transfer and ecotoxicity of PFASs. In the case where legacy PFASs were restricted under international convention, the occurrence of novel PFASs, such as 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA) and perfluoroethylcyclohexane sulfonate (PFECHS), in apex predators arose as an emerging issue. Future studies should develop an effective analytical method and focus on the toxicity and trophic transfer behavior of novel PFASs.     

水源地周边土壤重金属分布特征及潜在风险-以深圳市为例

以深圳市水源地周边三种不同类型土壤(赤红壤､红壤､水稻田土)为研究对象,选择具有较高环境含量且毒性较强的Zn､Pb､As为目标,探究其在三种土壤剖面淋溶层､淀积层和母质层(A、B和C层)中的分布特征及赋存形态,同时分析重金属含量､赋存形态与土壤理化性质的相关性,并利用潜在生态危害指数法和潜在迁移指数法从重金属全量和赋存形态两个角度对土壤重金属的生态风险水平进行评估.结果表明:土壤重金属Zn､Pb､As在三类土壤各层中含量较高,但均低于当地土壤环境质量背景值,重金属含量受当地土壤成岩母质影响较大.形态分析表明三种重金属在三类土壤中均以残渣态为主,但红壤中可还原态Pb含量较高,在低pH时易转化为弱酸可溶态,而后释放并迁移.相关性分析表明Zn､Pb的全量与有机质含量呈极显著正相关,可还原态Zn与pH呈显著正相关,Pb和As的弱酸可溶态与可还原态显著正相关,黏粒和粉粒含量对Pb和As的形态分布造成不同程度的影响.三种重金属潜在生态危害级别均为轻微,对水源地安全潜在生态风险影响较小;重金属迁移能力大小在不同土类中依次为红壤土>赤红壤>水稻田土,元素本身迁移能力强弱依次为Zn>As>Pb;赤红壤和水稻田土A层Zn迁移能力最强,B层As最强,C层Zn､Pb､As均较弱;红壤中A层迁移能力Zn最强,B层Zn､Pb､As均较强,C层Zn､Pb､As均较弱.     

Soil contamination with antibiotics in a typical peri-urban area in eastern China: Seasonal variation, risk assessment, and microbial responses

The prevalence and persistence of antibiotics in soils has become an emerging environmental issue and an increasing threat to soil security and global public health. The problem is more severe in areas undergoing rapid urbanization; however, the ecological risks of antibiotics, seasonal variability, and associated soil microbial responses in peri-urban soils have not been well-explored. The seasonal soil sampling campaigns were conducted in a typical peri-urban watershed in eastern China to investigate distribution of antibiotics. The results demonstrated higher mean concentrations of most antibiotic compounds in winter than in summer in peri-urban soils. The seasonal variations of norfloxacin, enrofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin were more significant than those of other antibiotics, due to their higher migration ability and bioavailability. An ecological risk assessment demonstrated that chlortetracycline, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, and ofloxacin can pose high risks to soil microorganisms. Furthermore, the coexistence of multiple antibiotics obviously poses higher risks than individual compounds. A redundancy analysis demonstrated that tetracyclines mainly showed negative correlations with Firmicutes and Chloroflexi, and quinolones showed obviously negative correlations with Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Nitrospirae, suggesting potential inhibition from antibiotics on biological activities or biodegradation processes. However, the persistence of antibiotics in soil results in a significant decrease in bacterial diversity and a change in dominant species. Our results provide an overview of the seasonal variability of antibiotics and the associated effects on bacterial communities in peri-urban soils. The results can provide scientific guidance on decreasing soil contamination with antibiotics to enhance soil security in similar areas.     

SeaNine 211 as antifouling biocide: A coastal pollutant of emerging concern

SeaNine 211, with 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (DCOIT) being the biocidal ingredient, is a widely-used antifouling agent to deter the undesirable biofouling phenomenon. It is commercially promoted as an environmentally acceptable antifoulant mainly due to its claimed rapid degradation in marine environment. However, increasing researches document varying degradative kinetics in different environments, proving that SeaNine 211 is actually not degraded equally fast around the world (half-life between < 1 day and 13.1 days). Large-scale application of SeaNine 211 in antifouling coatings has also caused global contamination of marine environment in various compartments. For example, accumulation of SeaNine 211 is detected as high as 3700 ng/L in Spanish seawater and 281 ng/g dry weight in Korean sediment. Considering that SeaNine 211 is highly toxic against non-target marine organisms, environmental risk assessment finds that most marine organisms are endangered by SeaNine 211 in worst-case scenario. Its endocrine disrupting and reproductive impairing effects at environmentally worst-case concentrations further constitute a long-term threat to the maintenance of population stability. Therefore, in the light of the varying degradability, environmental pollution and high toxicity, especially the endocrine disruption, SeaNine 211 as an antifouling agent is likely to cause non-negligible damages to the marine ecosystem. There is an urgency to perform a systematic ecological risk assessment of SeaNine 211 to prevent the potential impacts on the health of marine environment. A regular monitoring also becomes necessary to place the usage of antifouling biocides under control.