Removal of antibiotics in a parallel-plate thin-film-photocatalytic reactor: Process modeling and evolution of transformation by-products and toxicity

Photocatalytic degradation of sulfamethoxazole(SMX) antibiotic has been studied under recycling batch and homogeneous flow conditions in a thin-film coated immobilized system namely parallel-plate(PPL) reactor. Experimentally designed, statistically evaluated with a factorial design(FD) approach with intent to provide a mathematical model takes into account the parameters influencing process performance. Initial antibiotic concentration, UV energy level, irradiated surface area, water matrix(ultrapure and secondary treated wastewater) and time, were defined as model parameters. A full of 2~5 experimental design was consisted of 32 random experiments. PPL reactor test experiments were carried out in order to set boundary levels for hydraulic, volumetric and defined defined process parameters. TTIP based thin-film with polyethylene glycol + TiO_2 additives were fabricated according to pre-described methodology. Antibiotic degradation was monitored by High Performance Liquid Chromatography analysis while the degradation products were specified by LC–TOF-MS analysis. Acute toxicity of untreated and treated SMX solutions was tested by standard Daphnia magna method. Based on the obtained mathematical model, the response of the immobilized PC system is described with a polynomial equation. The statistically significant positive effects are initial SMX concentration,process time and the combined effect of both, while combined effect of water matrix and irradiated surface area displays an adverse effect on the rate of antibiotic degradation by photocatalytic oxidation. Process efficiency and the validity of the acquired mathematical model was also verified for levofloxacin and cefaclor antibiotics. Immobilized PC degradation in PPL reactor configuration was found capable of providing reduced effluent toxicity by simultaneous degradation of SMX parent compound and TBPs.     

Zebrafish embryo toxicity of 15 chlorinated, brominated, and iodinated disinfection by-products

Disinfection to protect human health occurs at drinking water and wastewater facilities through application of non-selective oxidants including chlorine. Oxidants also transform organic material and form disinfection by-products (DBPs), many of which are halogenated and cyto- and genotoxic. Only a handful of assays have been used to compare DBP toxicity, and researchers are unsure which DBP(s) drive the increased cancer risk associated with drinking chlorinated water. The most extensive data set employs an in vitro model cell, Chinese hamster ovary cells. Traditionally, most DBP research focuses on the threat to human health, but the effects on aquatic species exposed to DBPs in wastewater effluents remain ill defined. We present the developmental toxicity for 15 DBPs and a chlorinated wastewater to a model aquatic vertebrate, zebrafish. Mono-halogenated DBPs followed the in vivo toxicity rank order: acetamides > acetic acids > acetonitriles ~ nitrosamines, which agrees well with previously published mammalian in vitro data. Di- and tri-halogenated acetonitriles were more toxic than their mono-halogenated analogues, and bromine- and iodine-substituted DBPs tended to be more toxic than chlorinated analogues. No zebrafish development effects were observed after exposure to undiluted or non-concentrated, chlorinated wastewater. We find zebrafish development to be a viable in vivo alternative or confirmatory assay to mammalian in vitro cell assays.     

关于建设项目生态补偿的思考

作为一种解决环境保护与经济社会发展矛盾的重要经济手段,生态补偿越来越受到人们关注。建设项目生态补偿是生态补偿的一个重要领域,但相对于其他领域而言,理论和实践研究均相对较少。结合实际案例研究,文章初次提出了建设项目生态补偿概念、原则及应注意的问题。最后,建议加强两方面研究,建设项目生态补偿内涵和范畴确定;建设项目生态补偿方式及标准确定。     

县域产业结构转型升级对策研究——以生态文明为视角

目前,生态文明视角下县域经济产业结构调整面临着工业化快速发展和生态环境日益恶化的局面,面对新的挑战,一方面必须大力发展县域绿色经济、建立县域生态消费保障机制;另一方面要转变传统产业发展模式,通过以产业结构重组实现产业结构生态化,推进生态产业发展,从而创造出一种由生态产业支撑的循环经济发展模式。     

生态环境空间分级管控策略研究

生态环境空间分级管控是为了确保各级尺度下的生态环境空间充分发挥其生态服务功能所采取的管理控制手段与途径,同时给城市生态环境空间的管控提供依据,在不同尺度下,生态环境空间需按照不同精细度的管控方法和不同的土地空间单位进行分级,生态环境空间分级管控主要包括:省域尺度生态环境空间的管控、市域尺度生态环境空间管控和在主城区尺度下生态环境空间管控。通过3种尺度不同管控方法和策略的有效衔接,从宏观、中观和微观3个层次保证了生态规划的完整性和连续性,使生态系统服务真正发挥其价值。     

生态保护红线在实践过程中的问题剖析——以湖北宜昌为例

宜昌市生态保护红线于2015年1月正式颁布实施,文章结合宜昌市生态保护红线的应用情况,剖析了生态功能红线、水环境质量红线及大气环境质量红线在实践过程中存在的主要问题,同时,对生态保护红线管理机制需要解决的重点问题进行了阐述。     

以环境保护为基础的城市公园生态设计研究

从环境保护视野对城市公园景观优化设计进行研究,以环境保护为基础,探讨城市公园景观优化设计中应用环境保护的原则,以太原公园为例,介绍其景观优化设计方式,包括改善城市公园湖滨游步道的林荫绿化情况,增建亲水空间,优化座椅、休闲亭和餐饮设施,改善水景别墅前绿化景观,提升公园整体植物景观层次感,规划城市公园水生植物景观.总结出城市公园景观优化设计的策略主要为:设计湖滨亲水设施、营造水上景观、配置城市公园植物景观、设置沿岸的水景.     

济南市排污权交易体系设计研究

济南市作为山东省经济文化中心,多年来受传统工业影响,生态环境与经济发展的矛盾日益突出.构建排污权交易体系,调配总量控制下有限的排污指标为发展留出余量,已成创新环保机制、促进生态发展的迫切需求.通过梳理济南市排污交易现状,分析排污权交易实施的必要性,根据国家政策要求及试点城市经验,设计了在总量控制下由政府主导和市场调控相结合的排污权交易体系,并探讨了排污权交易实施后的经济效益及面临问题.     

中国石化HSE监督管理系统研究与实现

为使中国石化HSE管理达到具有较强国际竞争力的跨国能源化工公司的水平,在充分吸收国内外先进企业HSE管理经验基础上,结合中国石化业务特点,研究开发了中国石化HSE监督管理系统。系统以风险管理为核心,体现PDCA管理思想,遵循中国石化一致的HSE管理理念,按照＂谁主管、谁负责＂,与HSE管理体系完全吻合等原则进行设计,采用最新云计算模式、多层B/S软件体系结构以及WMFC、XForm、SOAP、XML等相关标准进行开发,实现了分布应用、集中管理的运行模式。通过在中国石化总部、5家试点企业和近100家非试点企业的现场应用,结果表明,该系统满足了中国石化HSE监督管理及绩效评估的需要,实现了HSE管理的标准化、规范化和系统化,为管理决策提供支撑,提高了HSE管理效率,准备在中国石化系统内全面推广应用。     

双排桩支护结构的应用研究

深基坑双排桩支护是近几年发展起来的一种新型的支护结构,与其它支护结构体系相比较,双排桩支护形式具有良好的侧向刚度,可有效限制支护结构的侧向变形,在工程中已得到广泛的应用。本文分析了双排桩支护结构内力及变形的影响因素,阐述了在深基坑支护中所体现的优良性能,提出了控制基坑变形的方法。并且针对双排桩支护结构在某高铁线基坑工程中的实际应用,说明双排桩的支护设计方法和施工方便、不用设置横向支点、挡土结构受力条件好、保持基坑稳定、施工安全的优点,并取得了良好的经济效应。