项目竣工环境保护验收废水监测中若干问题的探讨

针对项目竣工环境保护验收废水监测过程中常见的难点问题,结合实际工作经验,对其进行了剖析,并提出相应的解决办法。     

生态环境损害赔偿制度改革实施研究--以山东省为例

企业污染,环境利益受损,政府买单在很长一段时间内成为生态环境损害的解决路径,从2018年起,全国开始试行生态环境损害赔偿制度,实现损害担责是生态环境问题的解决之道。山东作为全国生态环境损害赔偿制度改革的7个试点省市之一,开展了生态环境损害赔偿制度的积极实践探索。山东省对"10.21济南章丘重大非法倾倒危险废物事故"生态损害赔偿案件的处理对于我国生态环境损害制度的发展提供了重要的实践创新经验。本文以山东省的改革实践作为研究视角,面对我国生态环境损害赔偿制度现存问题,结合山东的试点实际分析了实施成效,从赔偿磋商、鉴定评估、资金管理三个方面对生态环境损害赔偿制度提出完善建议。     

吉林省生态环境保护“十四五”规划的初步思考

"十四五"是在打赢污染防治攻坚战、全面建成小康社会的基础上,加快实现2035年基本建成美丽中国"吉林样板"的关键五年。研究报告在对吉林省"十三五"生态环境保护成效及存在的主要问题、"十四五"生态环境保护面临的机遇和挑战进行分析的基础上,提出了"十四五"全省生态环境保护的总体思路与目标及主要任务。     

化学实验室“三废”及其处理方法

通常情况下,当化学实验室在合理应用过程中会产生一定的有毒气体、液体或者是废渣,这些都是化学实验室"三废"的组成部分。如果不对这些"三废"问题进行合理处理,就容易导致环境污染,甚至一些化学实验室中的放射性成分还会给人体带来健康危害,阻碍社会发展。所以,本文主要从化学实验室"三废"问题的处理及从环境保护的角度提出具体解决建议,希望能够规范化学实验室"三废"的管理,合理利用化学试验品,保护我们共同的环境。     

城市生态规划和生态修复中气象技术的应用研究

气候因素能够对城市生态规划和生态修复造成较大的影响,通过科学使用气象技术可以对城市生态规划进行改善,同时还能促进生态修复。本文主要对城市生态规划和生态修复中的气象技术进行分析,对气象技术在该领域的应用也做了一定的研究,旨在更好地促进城市生态规划和修复的发展。     

广西水源涵养型重点生态功能区生态状况变化

文章利用2010年、2018年生态环境监测与评价项目土地利用类型数据,通过生态功能指数、生态结构指数和生态胁迫指数综合反映重点生态功能区生态状况,分析 2010-2018年广西水源涵养型重点生态功能区的生态状况变化趋势。结果表明,广西水源涵养型重点生态功能区林地覆盖率明显提升,生态状况改善。其中疏林地及其他林地向有林地、灌木林地转变是水源涵养指数提升的主要原因,退耕还林、封山育林等措施对重点生态功能区生态状况改善发挥重要作用。     

淮河干流生态流量问题分析及保障措施

生态流量对维系河流生态功能具有重要意义。本文通过计算淮河干流重要控制断面生态流量满足状况的基础上,分析淮河干流生态流量存在的问题,从建立生态流量监测系统、完善生态流量泄放设施、制定生态流量调度方案、严格河道外用水管控、加强机制建设等方面提出淮河干流生态流量保障措施,为淮河流域制定生态流量保障对策提供建议。     

农用地土壤环境监测现场采样、制备及注意事项

土壤环境对农业生产、人类健康和土壤资源的安全性具有重要而深远的影响,随着土壤农业资源的持续开发,土壤环境受到的农药、化肥、石油等污染日益恶化。阐述了农用地土壤环境监测现场采样和制备过程,同时提出了注意事项,并对土壤环境监测面临的问题提出对策与建议。     

Nutrient status and pollution levels in five areas around a manganese mine in southern China

• The soil TP level was high or extremely high in all areas. • TN, OM and available Cu were insufficient in EA, TA and RA. • All areas reached the heavily polluted level and had high ecological risk levels. • Mn and Cd were the dominant pollutants. Nutrient status and pollution levels are the main factors affecting soil restoration. The nutrient status and pollution levels in five areas, an unexplored mine area (UA), an explored mine area (EA), a tailings area (TA), a reclamation area (RA) and an agricultural area (AA), around the Pingle manganese mine in Guangxi, China, were assessed in this study. The results showed that the average total phosphorus in these five areas ranged from 1.05 to 1.57 mg/kg, corresponding to grades of extremely high and high. The average total nitrogen values were 0.19, 0.69, 0.93, 1.24 and 1.67 mg/kg in EA, TA, RA, UA and AA, corresponding to grades of very low, low, medium-low, medium-high and medium-high, respectively. The average organic matter values were 12.78, 8.92, 22.77, 21.29 and 29.11 mg/kg in EA, TA, RA, UA and AA, which corresponded to grades of medium-low, low, medium-high, medium-high and medium-high, respectively. All these results indicated that the total phosphorus was sufficient in these areas, while the total nitrogen and organic matter were insufficient in EA, TA and RA. The available concentrations of Mn and Zn corresponded to the intermediate grade, while the values for Cu corresponded to the very low grade; these might be another factor restricting ecological reclamation. Contamination and ecological risk assessments based on the single contamination index, Nemerow multi-factor index and potential ecological risk index showed that the five tested areas around the Mn mine were considered heavily polluted and presented high ecological risk. Mn and Cd were the dominant pollutants.     

Comparative genotoxicity of water processed by three drinking water treatment plants with different water treatment procedures

• Genotoxicity of substances is unknown in the water after treatment processes. • Genotoxicity decreased by activated carbon treatment but increased by chlorination. • Halogenated hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds contribute to genotoxicity. • Genotoxicity was assessed by umu test; acute and chronic toxicity by ECOSAR. • Inconsistent results confirmed that genotoxicity cannot be assessed by ECOSAR. Advanced water treatment is commonly used to remove micropollutants such as pesticides, endocrine disrupting chemicals, and disinfection byproducts in modern drinking water treatment plants. However, little attention has been paid to the changes in the genotoxicity of substances remaining in the water following the different water treatment processes. In this study, samples were collected from three drinking water treatment plants with different treatment processes. The treated water from each process was analyzed and compared for genotoxicity and the formation of organic compounds. The genotoxicity was evaluated by an umu test, and the acute and chronic toxicity was analyzed through Ecological Structure- Activity Relationship (ECOSAR). The results of the umu test indicated that biological activated carbon reduced the genotoxicity by 38%, 77%, and 46% in the three drinking water treatment plants, respectively, while chlorination increased the genotoxicity. Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that halogenated hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds were major contributors to genotoxicity. The results of ECOSAR were not consistent with those of the umu test. Therefore, we conclude that genotoxicity cannot be determined using ECOSAR .