Assessment of ecological risks induced by land use and land cover changes in Xiamen City,China

The landscape ecological risk (LER) in Xiamen City, China, from 1990 to 2030 was studied using an urban land use and land cover change (LUCC) model and LER analysis. The LUCC model was used to predict the LUCC of Xiamen from 2020 to 2030. We analyzed the characteristics of LUCC and landscape pattern changes and, finally, evaluated the effect of rapid LUCC on LER. Of the six landscape types investigated, built-up land and farmland demonstrated the most significant changes. The area of built-up land increased by 1.5 times in 2010 and is predicted to increase by 2.7 times in 2030 than that in 1990. The area of farmland increased from 34.5% in 1990 to 24.5% in 2010 and is predicted to decrease to 15.1% in 2030. The number of patches (NP) of built-up land decreased with increasing area, which promoted the dominance of built-up land over other landscape types. Five landscape types, those other than built-up land, increased in NP, landscape fragmentation, segmentation, and disturbance but decreased in dominance. The LER of Xiamen in 2010 was slightly lower than that in 1990. However, with the acceleration of urbanization, the LER in 2020 and 2030 will increase by 7.6% and 12.5% than that in 2010. The LER will significantly increase in areas such as the Huandong sea area, the second urban core of Xiamen, and northern Xiang'an. For the areas, some measures (e.g. optimum urban spatial growth patterns and control of coastal reclamation) must inevitably increase to reduce the LER posed by rapid urbanization.     

Characteristics associated with high and low levels of ecological literacy in a western society

The integrity of the relationship between humanity and nature is fundamental to the health and survival of our species. Humans have always required knowledge and understanding of the planet’s life-supporting systems. Such knowledge and understanding form the basis of ecological literacy which, we suggest, is fundamental to the sustainability of human settlements. An assessment of South Australian adults showed positive correlations between ecological literacy and a number of socio-demographic and psychographic factors. An analysis of the most and least eco-literate individuals within a sample of over 1000 adults revealed significant distinguishing characteristics. Our findings indicate that high ecological literacy is strongly correlated with gender, age, education (and in particular, science-based education), employment status, engagement with nature both as children and adults, growing food, outdoor experiences and lifestyles, growing up in small communities and relational learning. In contrast, low ecological literacy is associated with a different set of socio-demographic and psychographic characteristics such as lower levels of education, growing up in large urban communities, and spending little time outdoors or in natural settings. In addition, perceptions about the major contributors to ecological knowledge and understanding were markedly different within the two groups. These patterns of difference between those with high and low ecological literacy among South Australian adults invite serious consideration for a society that aspires to cultivate an informed citizenry with capacity for making effective environmental decisions.     

Anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria: ecological distribution,metabolism, and microbial interactions

The unique characteristics of anammox bacteria were reviewed. Ecological distribution and nitrogen loss contributions were well documented. Ecological interactions between anammox bacteria and other organisms were discussed. Anammox (ANaerobic AMMonia OXidation) is a newly discovered pathway in the nitrogen cycle. This discovery has increased our knowledge of the global nitrogen cycle and triggered intense interest for anammox-based applications. Anammox bacteria are almost ubiquitous in the suboxic zones of almost all types of natural ecosystems and contribute significant to the global total nitrogen loss. In this paper, their ecological distributions and contributions to the nitrogen loss in marine, wetland, terrestrial ecosystems, and even extreme environments were reviewed. The unique metabolic mechanism of anammox bacteria was well described, including the particular cellular structures and genome compositions, which indicate the special evolutionary status of anammox bacteria. Finally, the ecological interactions among anammox bacteria and other organisms were discussed based on substrate availability and spatial organizations. This review attempts to summarize the fundamental understanding of anammox, provide an up-to-date summary of the knowledge of the overall anammox status, and propose future prospects for anammox. Based on novel findings, the metagenome has become a powerful tool for the genomic analysis of communities containing anammox bacteria; the metabolic diversity and biogeochemistry in the global nitrogen budget require more comprehensive studies.     

钢筋混凝土板弯曲问题的各向同性化最小平方误差法

利用合适的坐标变换将钢筋混凝土板的弯曲问题变换为各向同性板弯曲问题。由弹性薄板的虚功原理及最小平方误差法计算各向同性板弯曲变形,得到原正交各向异性薄板的挠度方程。算例表明,在近似函数选取合理的情况下,该方法简单,计算时间短,具有较高的精确度。     

低质量浓度二氧化硫烟气治理

介绍了亚硫酸钙—石膏法处删低质量浓度二氧化硫烟气工程调试过程、工艺指标及工程运行中存在的问题和解决办法。实践证明,该技术运行稳定,不易结垢,在低质量浓度二氧化硫烟气治理方面有广阔的前景。     

现代城市的理想模式--生态城市

从分析我国城市生态问题出发,指出建设生态城市是城市发展的方向,就生态城市的含义、特点,以及建设生态城市实施措施做了探索,以期推动我国生态城市建设工作的开展。     

石羊河流域的生态环境问题、引发原因与治理对策

石羊河是甘肃省三大内陆河之一,在河西乃至全省经济社会发展中起着十分重要的作用.目前该流域出现森林面积减少,雪线上升,水土流失加重,地下水位下降,水体污染,水质恶化,荒漠化蔓延等一系列生态环境问题,已经严重影响和制约到流域及其周边地区的经济建设和社会安定团结.为实现流域生态大系统及其子系统稳定、健康、持续发展,应坚持"南保水源,中建绿洲,北治风沙"的基本原则.对流域大系统,要切实加强流域水资源统一管理,完善政策体系,加强环境保护的执法、宣传,提高流域民众的生态意识,加强生态建设工程的科技支撑.对流域南部祁连山区,要加强林区管理,理顺体制,加强山区植被保护和建设,提高水源涵养能力,减少水土流失,合理调整水库,减少汛期蓄水.对中部绿洲,要发展二三产业,加快小城镇建设,调整农业产业结构,加强农田防护林体系建设,加大节水力度,实施外流域调水工程.对北部荒漠区,要恢复、重建退化固沙植被,退耕还草还荒,严禁新的土地开垦,适度发展沙产业.     

火电厂开展安全性评价的程序及常见问题处理

针对当前安全性评价得到了火力发电企业的普遍认同,以及不同程度、自觉不自觉的开展安全性评价工作这一现状,结合作者多年的自评价、第三方评价的工作经验,详细阐述火电厂开展安全性评价工作的意义、保障、程序、常见问题及处理,特别就如何实施安全性评价工作以及实施过程应注意的问题作了全面深入的剖析,为火电厂做好安全性评价工作提供借鉴。     

加强我省环境监测基础建设的对策与建议

通过对全省环保系统监测站现状的调查，分析存在的问题和不足，提出了加强环境监测基础建设的对策和建议。     

金门的生态环境

介绍了金门的自然环境、生物资源及生态旅游资源，提出了福建与金门应进一步加强环境保护方面合作与交流，共同营造海峡两岸良好的生态环境。