试论科学发展观与建设生态农业垦区的辨证统一

科学发展观的提出为黑龙江省农垦总局建设生态垦区,加快总局经济发展提供了科学的指导思想,使科学发展观贯彻于黑龙江农垦总局生态垦区建设和经济发展的始终。文章从几个方面就科学发展观在建设生态垦区中的重要意义,科学发展观与建设生态垦区的内在联系及二者的辨证的统一加以论述。     

Innovative solutions for averting a potential resource crisis—the case of one-person households in England and Wales

This paper seeks to test the hypothesis that growth in one-person households will increase the domestic consumption of energy, land and household goods in England and Wales. It concludes that if current consumer behaviour of one-person households persists there will be a significant increase in the consumption of all three resources in the future. However, it argues that that many opportunities exist in England and Wales for tackling this problem. For example the new housing programme, increasing ability amongst one-person households to afford “green alternatives” and the search amongst some one-person households for alternative lifestyles (which could be potentially more resource efficient). The paper suggests that providing one-person households with opportunities to live in more resource efficient housing and adopt pro-environmental behaviour could significantly reduce their future environmental impact. Various design, fiscal and awareness-raising solutions are presented in the paper and their viability is assessed. These include ecological homes, collective housing forms, occupancy tax, relocation packages, educational programmes and targeted advertising campaigns. The paper proposes that using a combination of these more innovative solutions to the problem could significantly reduce the future environmental impact of one-person households.     

内蒙古生态建设状况综合评价与分析

依据国家林业局提出的评估生态建设状况的量化方法,结合内蒙古生态建设的现状,选取了森林、荒漠、水土流失、生物多样性、湿地、草原、农田、城市生态状况等8项指标来判断内蒙古的生态建设状况.在运用专家打分法和生态综合指数评价模型确定各指标权重和计算其生态综合指数的基础上,对自治区近5 a的生态建设状况进行了综合评价与分析.内蒙古生态综合指数经计算为1.05,表明自治区的生态建设形势和全国一样,处于生态治理与生态破坏的相持阶段,且其判断指标大多处于相持状态,有的已处于治理大于破坏阶段.     

我国垃圾焚烧技术现状及发展预测

本文论述了在我国宏观政策环境下的垃圾焚烧技术的发展现状,并对垃圾焚烧技术的应用发展趋势进行了分析预测。     

关于我国当前水质自动监测站管理机制的探讨

随着水质自动监测站数量的不断增加，水质自动监测站的管理问题日渐突出，由于缺乏必要的管理经验和管理制度，出现了各种各样的管理模式。水质自动监测站的建成实现了间断性人工监测向连续性自动监测的转变，实现了水质监测实时远程控制的连续性，高频次的监测结果更能客观、准确地判断断面水质的质量状况，使得河流水质评价更具科学性、准确性，能更好地服务于环境管理工作。     

Integrating Environmental Restoration and Ecological Restoration: Long-Term Stewardship at the Department of Energy

With the ending of the Cold War, several federal agencies are reclaiming land through remediation and restoration and are considering potential future land uses that are compatible with current uses and local needs. Some sites are sufficiently contaminated that it is likely that the responsible federal agency will retain control over the land for the foreseeable future, providing them with a stewardship mission. This is particularly true of some of the larger Department of Energy (DOE) facilities contaminated during the production of nuclear weapons. The use of the term “restoration” is explored in this paper because the word means different things to the public, ecologists, and environmental managers responsible for contaminated sites, such as Superfund sites and the DOE facilities. While environmental restoration usually refers to remediation and removal of hazardous wastes, ecological restoration refers to the broader process of repairing damaged ecosystems and enhancing their productivity and/or biodiversity. The goals of the two types of restoration can be melded by considering environmental restoration as a special case of ecological restoration, one that involves risk reduction from hazardous wastes, and by broadening environmental restoration to include a more extensive problem-formulation phase (both temporal and spatial), which includes the goal of reestablishing a functioning ecosystem after remediation. Further, evaluating options for the desired post remediation result will inform managers and policy-makers concerning the feasibility and efficacy of environmental restoration itself.     

中小型燃煤锅炉SO2治理技术现状及建议

综述了国内中小型燃煤锅炉脱硫技术现状，在此基础上根据我国国情阐明了选择脱硫工艺应遵循的原则，并就中小型燃煤锅炉开展脱硫工作提出了建议。     

生态购买是西部生态建设的新战略

生态购买是我国西北地区的强烈要求，也是我国“只能保证过程，不能保证结果”生态建设模式的反思结果。“国有私营”生态购买初衷是政府收购生态建设的产品，既帮助农户脱贫致富，又确保生态建设产品的形成、巩固和转化利用。生态购买以生态建设成果（生态产品）为投资管理的重点，确保生态产品形成效率和转化利用速度，生态效益转化为经济效益。生态购买不仅使生态产品商品化和货币化，实现“生态致富”，更为重要的是培育市场意识、思维、文化，加速培育生态建设市场，充分发挥市场机制的作用，整合社会资源和力量，增强生态建设的实力、能力、吸引力和竞争力。本文经济角度和政策层面．探讨生态购买的产生背景、概念、内涵、原理、功能、方法、程序等。为生态购买的实施提供启发和对策。     

The relationship between perceived risk of being ticketed and self-reported seat belt use

PROBLEM: Twenty-nine percent of Americans failed to use their seat belts in 2000. Efforts to improve safety belt usage can be enhanced by identifying specific factors that motivate belt use. METHOD: Motorist survey data were used to examine the effect of Perceived Risk of being Ticketed (PRT) for a seat belt infraction on self-reported seat belt use. RESULTS: Analyses indicated that individuals and groups of individuals who have higher PRT typically report higher belt usage. Factorial analyses indicated that this perceived risk to belt use relationship holds both within groups with generally high (e.g., upper income) and generally low (e.g. young men) overall self-reported belt use. DISCUSSION: Applications of PRT to improve seat belt use are discussed. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Enforcement of existing laws, perhaps through selective traffic enforcement programs, and strengthening laws to create a higher perception of being ticketed by motorists should increase safety belt use thereby saving lives and reducing cost for individuals, government, and industry.     

Risk-Based Analysis of Environmental Monitoring Data: Application to Heavy Metals in North Carolina Surface Waters

The state of North Carolina's Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR) conducts routine water quality monitoring throughout the state to assess the health of aquatic systems. The current study reports the results of a retrospective (1990–2000) ecological risk assessment of six heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, and zinc) in 17 North Carolina basins that was conducted to estimate the risk of heavy metal toxicity to freshwater organisms and assess the sufficiency of NCDENR's monitoring data to identify water-quality-related ecological threats. Acute and chronic ecotoxicological thresholds (ETs) were calculated for each metal based upon the 10th percentile of species sensitivity distributions and were normalized for water hardness. Statewide probabilities (expressed as percentages) of a random sample exceeding acute or chronic ETs among the six metals ranged from 0.01% to 12.19% and 0.76% to 21.21%, respectively, with copper having the highest and arsenic and mercury the lowest risk. Basin-specific probabilities varied significantly depending upon water hardness and presumably watershed development. Although the majority of specific sites where data were collected were at low risk for metal toxicity, some specific sites had a high probability of toxic events associated with one or more metals. Analytical detection limits for metals were frequently higher than estimated chronic ET, limiting the ability to assess the risk of chronic toxicity in soft-water basins. Results suggest risk-based criteria may be useful for assessing and validating the sufficiency of monitoring programs and prioritizing management goals.