1980-2000年中国发展的资源环境成本分析

21世纪头20年是中国实现现代化、全面建设小康社会的重要时期，也是中国走可持续发展道路面临机遇与挑战并存的时期。在这20年内，中国要实现国内生产总值翻两番、人均国内生产总值接近3000美元的目标，首先离不开自然资源、生态环境的支撑。本文通过对改革开放20年中国社会经济发展对资源、生态环境消耗情况的全面分析，阐述了发展与资源、生态环境的关系，系统地评估了中国目前资源、生态环境的基础。     

An individual-oriented model for ecological risk assessment of wading birds

The contribution of certain contaminants to reproductive failure in many avian species has been an ongoing concern. Appropriate quantitative techniques have focused either on the individual organisms by providing explicit bioaccumulation dynamics or on whole ecosystems by looking at the fate of the contaminant but fail to make the necessary link via population dynamics of interacting individuals. We used the individual-oriented approach in an effort to quantify effects of chronic contaminant exposure on individual birds. This was made possible by the use of an object-oriented model, where individual birds are interacting objects, and their actions are implemented by passing to them appropriate messages. Using this modeling approach a breeding colony of Great Blue Herons (Ardea herodias) is simulated as an assemblage of interacting individuals whose daily actions (foraging, growth, feeding of the young) are simultaneously followed over short time intervals for a nesting season. Spatial distribution of the contaminants in prey resources is used on a cell by cell basis and their effects on certain behavior characteristics of adult birds (e.g. foraging efficiency, effects on flying efficiency, parental care) are taken into account. Results showed that sublethal effects could have a considerable effect on colony success. Appropriate selection of endpoints for risk assessment yields a variety of scenarios for colony success.     

中国环境影响评价机构现状评价及优化调整思路

根据环境保护部环境工程评估中心公布的数据,中国环境影响评价机构现状特点是：环评机构的主要类型以科研院所占比例最大,其次是公司,最少的是高等院校;区域分布特点是东部多,西部少,经济发达地区多。经济欠发达地区少;评价范围特点是从事社会区域类别的环评机构最多,其次是化工石化医药类。同时,结合中国地区经济数据和市场化的要求,指出中国环评机构的数量与区域经济状况不对称,部分环评机构的评价范围与区域产业结构不匹配,环评机构市场化程度不高。最后,提出优化中国环境影响评价机构的建议。     

生态足迹模型在村庄层面应用的探索

以广西铜匠村的生态足迹模型为例探讨了生态足迹法在村庄层面应用的适用性。结论表明,生态足迹模型在衡量村庄生态状况时有着更为可靠的准确性,但也存在4种因素限制其精确性,数据获取较难、外出务工者较多、生态效益较大以及土地"兼职"较广。针对外出务工者的影响,提出了其时间折算法,对于其他缺陷则阐明了在模型完善方面的研究现状。     

矿区废弃地生态修复中丛枝菌根真菌接种效应

利用粉煤灰、煤矸石和污泥3种配比的复合基质作为试种土壤,接种丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）进行盆栽实验,通过考察接种AMF对复合基质中植物出苗率、根冠比以及植物对总氮、速效磷和速效钾吸收的影响,研究矿区生态修复过程中AMF对的接种效应。结果表明,接种AMF,明显促进矿区复合基质中植物的生长,有效增加了宿主植物对营养元素的吸收,增加了矿区复合基质的有机质含量,加速矿区复合基质的熟化     

Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system for classification of water quality status

An adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system was used for classifying water quality status of river. It applied several physical and inorganic chemical indicators including dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, and ammonia-nitrogen. A data set (nine weeks, total 845 observations) was collected from 100 monitoring stations in all major river basins in China and used for training and validating the model. Up to 89.59% of the data could be correctly classified using this model. Such performance was more competitive when compared with artificial neural networks. It is applicable in evaluation and classification of water quality status.     

A recursive ecological indicator system for the supply chain of a company

This paper proposes the concept of cumulative eco-intensity with which environmental or sustainability indicators are related to the added value of economic activities. The intensities are passed on recursively from supplier to supplier and thus make it possible to include upstream and downstream effects along the supply and waste disposal chain. The process is applied to whole companies and (by contrast with LCA) not to individual products. At comparatively low expenditure for the individual companies, it allows vertical comparisons along the value-adding chain and horizontal comparisons among companies or production locations. This provides a decision-making aid for a company seeking to fulfil its ecological or sustainability responsibility in the entire production and supply chains.     

浅议生态环境监测

生态监测是环境监测发展的必然趋势。文章对生态环境监测的基本概念、类型、内容、特点、生态监测技术和方法等进行了简单的论述。     

浅议污水处理厂的节能

系统地介绍并分析了污水处理厂流程中各个处理构筑的能耗情况,并针对各个构筑物提出有效的节能途径。指出了常用的污水好氧处理能耗过高的突出问题,建议改用能耗低造价低的好氧过滤等处理方法。污水再生利用也是解决污水处理能耗高的途径之一。     

生态小区建设中食物垃圾处理技术

分析了食物垃圾的产量、特点。综述食物垃圾的常用处理方法,提出了生态小区建设中食物垃圾的合理解决方法．将食物垃圾的处理与生活污水的处理就近有机结合,为生态小区建设中废物资源化处理和利用提供有效的依据。