沈阳市丁香地区土壤重金属污染及生态风险评价

在丁香公园内设置5个点对土壤中的Cr、Hg、As、Cd、Pb进行含量分析,并用单因子指数法评价土壤污染程度,用Hakanson生态风险指数法对土壤潜在的生态风险进行评价。结果表明,丁香湖公园局部地区Hg、As、Cd超过GB15618-1995一级标准;从总的污染程度看,各污染物从大到小的顺序为:Cd>Hg>Pb>As>Cr,各点位从大到小顺序为:大转弯村>小韩村>丁香苗圃>丁香湖湖区>丁香园小区;从总的潜在生态危险程度看,各个点位的风险程度从高到低依次为:大转弯村>小韩村>丁香苗圃>丁香湖湖区>丁香园小区。     

Use of Constructed Wetlands for Urban Stream Restoration: A Critical Analysis

/ Investigation of a delta marsh restoration project proposed forthe Don River in Toronto, Ontario, underlines several concerns aboutconstructed wetland projects designed for water quality improvement andaquatic habitat enhancement. The Don is a highly urbanized river that hasundergone significant physiographic modifications and continually receives acomplex mixture of conventional, metallic, and organic contaminants frommultiple point and nonpoint sources. Rather than providing permanent removalof urban contaminants, wetland processes offer a limited capacity fortemporary storage of contaminant inputs, and potential reactions may actuallyproduce more toxic and/or bioavailable forms of some chemicals. Theseprocesses tend to result in the concentration of watershed contaminants inwetland vegetation and sediments. As the restored marsh would be availablefor spawning and feeding by aquatic fauna, the potential exists for chemicalbioconcentration and biomagnification through the aquatic community.Accordingly, wetland systems are not suited to the dual purposes of waterquality improvement and aquatic habitat enhancement. Upstream controls,including source reduction of contaminant inputs, are recommended asessential components of all constructed wetland projects.KEY WORDS: Constructed wetlands; Water quality; Ecological restoration;Don River     

从大数据角度看中国共产党绿色执政理念的变迁

2021年是中国共产党成立100周年，是“两个一百年”奋斗目标的交汇之年。中国共产党成立以来，党的绿色执政方略从“打土豪、分田地”到“全国土地会议”，从“节约粮食和土地资源”到“环境保护成为基本国策”，从“可持续发展”到“习近平生态文明思想”，回顾历史，绿色执政理念日益深入人心。本研究以《建党以来重要文献选编（1921—1949）》《毛泽东选集》《邓小平文选》《习近平谈治国理政》和国务院政府工作报告等为资料来源，基于机器学习自然语言处理大数据分析方法，使用隐含狄利克雷分布模型和KH Coder可视化软件，对重要文献选编和政府工作报告中中国共产党绿色执政理念有关文字表述内容进行统计和分析，系统梳理绿色执政理念的发展脉络。研究发现，习近平生态文明思想是中国共产党绿色执政理念的集大成者，是新时代新发展阶段加强生态环境保护的指导思想和行动指南，对走好“两个一百年”目标交汇点上绿色发展的第一步具有重要指导意义。     

Current status and future focus of hazardous waste management in China

 Rapid social and economic development in China has caused the amount of hazardous wastes being generated to increase drastically. The necessary regulations and systems regarding the management of hazardous wastes are currently still not in place. Based on an analysis of the characteristics of hazardous waste pollution and pollution trends in China, this paper reports on China's current status regarding hazardous waste management, and introduces the main difficulties to be faced. The principles and objectives, and the action plan for hazardous waste pollution control in China are also explained in detail. These principles and objectives have been stipulated in the Technological Policies on Hazardous Waste Pollution Control, which is issued by China State EPA, State ETC, and the Science and Technology Ministry. Received: April 30, 2002 / Accepted: October 17, 2002     

论"生态"一词的使用

“生态”一词是目前使用频率较高的词汇之一,但也是很容易使用混淆的词汇之一。“生态”的含义已经由最初生态学中的基本概念和含义扩展了很多,并在许多行业和领域得到广泛应用。其合理应用使生态理念在各个相关领域得到发展,但在使用的过程中,也不乏对其内涵欠缺深入的理解和考究,使其外延过大,使用混乱,出现泛生态化的趋势。本文从生态学的角度分析了“生态”一词的内涵,并对目前广泛流行的一些用法进行讨论,以规范生态概念的使用。     

Supercritical water oxidation for the destruction of toxic organic wastewaters： A review

The destruction of toxic organic wastewaters from munitions demilitarization and complex industrial chemical clearly becomes an overwhelming problem if left to conventional treatment processes. Two options, incineration and supercritical water oxidation （SCWO）, exist for the complete destruction of toxic organic wastewaters. Incinerator has associated problems such as very high cost and public resentment; on the other hand, SCWO has proved to be a very promising method for the treatment of many different wastewaters with extremely efficient organic waste destruction 99.99% with none of the emissions associated with incineration. In this review, the concepts of SCWO, result and present perspectives of application, and industrial status of SCWO are critically examined and discussed.     

室内空气中挥发性有机物的污染及其控制

分析了室内空气中挥发性有机物（VOCs）的来源、特征、污染状况等，并阐述了VOCs对人体健康的危害。介绍了国内外的VOCs污染控制标准，以及源头控制、光催化氧化技术、吸附技术等主要的污染控制对策。据文献统计表明，室内空气中含有大量的VOCs，污染控制标准及源头控制、光催化氧化技术、吸附技术等主要的污染控制对策。据文献统计表明，室内空气中含有大量的VOCs，污染状况相当严重，对人体健康的危害亦十分明显，应引起重视。在污染控制策略上，应先从源头加以控制，同时保证室内环境有很好的通风能力，在此基础上积极开发和应用新的污染控制技术。     

“十四五”时期生态环境保护重点方向和任务研究

立足于我国生态环境保护工作的现实形势和发展趋势,本文判断在"十四五"时期我国生态环境保护将走出环境库兹涅茨曲线峰值期,但继续提升生态环境质量的边际成本会上升。此外,"十四五"时期也将是生态环境保护的主次要矛盾转化期、经济社会发展和生态环境保护的阶段性和区域性分异并存期。基于此,立足于我国社会主义现代化强国新征程和实施"两步走"战略的总体部署,进一步贯彻习近平生态文明思想,本文提出了"十四五"时期我国生态环境保护工作的主线和原则,以及加快推进生态环境治理体系现代化进程的路径和重大工程,以期推动生态文明建设迈向新时代。     

Sustainability evaluation of the Grain for Green Project: from local people's responses to ecological effectiveness in Wolong Nature Reserve

This article examines the sustainability of the Grain for Green Project in the Wolong Nature Reserve. Pertinent data were collected through a questionnaire survey and a spatial analysis of reforested lands. The study results identified four critical issues that may influence the sustainability of the project in the study area. The first issue is concerned with the project’s impacts on local sustenance. Because local grain consumption depends greatly on compensation awarded by the project, the potential for sustainability of the project is compromised. The second issue is that the project causes negative effects on local incomes in the Wolong Nature Reserve, which may undermine local economic prospects. The third issue is that the project failed to deliver suitable habitat for the giant panda, although two of the suitability requirements that deal with landform features were met. Lastly, the project neglects great differences among geographical areas in the country, providing the same compensation and length of compensation period to all participants. Appropriate compensation mechanisms should be established and adapted to local economic, environmental, and social conditions. In managing nature reserves and moving toward sustainability, ensuring all aspects of local socioeconomic and ecological/environmental issues are properly addressed is a real challenge. Based on our study, some recommendations for improving sustainability of the project are given.     

新安江流域生态补偿政策效果评价研究

本文基于流域生态补偿的经济学原理,以成本效益分析(CBA)为基本框架,通过对新安江流域生态补偿政策实施的成本和效益进行定性定量的分析,对黄山市实施新安江流域生态补偿政策的成效比E1以及外部效应内部化程度指数E2进行计算,进而科学合理地衡量新安江流域生态补偿政策的实施效果。2010—2013年,黄山市在新安江流域生态补偿工作中的成本总计189.06亿元,黄山市环境效益增加33.52亿元,黄山市新安江流域生态补偿工作成效比E1为0.24,外部效应内部化程度指数E2为0.81,说明新安江流域生态补偿起到了一定的效果,黄山市环境效益预测结果表明,流域生态补偿的效果会随着时间的推移更加明显。由此提出建议,现阶段黄山市应继续以解决经济发展与环境保护的矛盾为重心,同时注重流域生态补偿工作的落实。