Stages in Dutch regional policy: 1945–1984

This paper discusses the major developments in regional policy in the Netherlands by relating the policy instruments and locations to stages in the socio‐economic and political development of the Netherlands from 1945 onwards. It concludes that, at present, the spatial dimension of economic policy has lost importance, and the support for peripheral regions is restricted.     

若干企业职业安全投资现状分析

安全投资的经济效益，主要表现为潜在的经济效益。文章分析了安全投资的构成、现状、投向，以及与事故经济损失、发展生产的关系。     

Development of information intensive agrichemical management services in wisconsin

This paper examines opportunities to improve the environmental and economic performance of cropping systems through intensified application of information in agrichemical management. Through intensified application of information, both net farm income and environmental quality may increase through more closely matching the specific needs of the crop with the type, timing, and volume of chemical inputs used in crop production. This study examines the current status and future prospect of agrichemical dealers offering information intensive agrichemical management services to producers. Agrichemical dealers are the focus of this study because: (1) farmers are perceived as ill-prepared to substantially upgrade the sophistication of their agrichemical management without off-farm support, and (2) dealers enjoy a close relationship with farmers, which potentially could be expanded to include a variety of information-based services. A mail survey was conducted of all agrichemical suppliers/applications in Wisconsin. The response rate was 76% (172 of 225). Substantial numbers of services were found to be offered by many dealers. The majority of these services were related to traditional yield-enhancement function. Services that have a greater potential to mitigate the negative environmental impacts of inefficient agrichemical use and have higher on-farm data requirements were found to be less widely offered by dealers. Analysis of constraints to further development of information-intensive services indicates that dealers offering significant numbers of services are concerned with constraints external to the dealership, while dealers offering relatively few services perceive internal constraints as most limiting. This relationship indicates that efforts to accelerate dealerships' development of information-intensive agrichemical management services should focus on specific constraints operating on targeted dealerships.     

Redistributing the world's wealth: Cancun ‘summit’ discord

The aim of the North-South ‘summit’ conference in 1981 was to bridge the wealth gap between the few industrial nations and the hundred-odd poor countries. Unfortunately no firm proposals materialized. The rich nations refused to increase their aid transfers to the developing countries or to correct the growing inequalities in world trade. The multiplication of wealth is the basic concern of the North in an era of recession and unemployment. The division of wealth is an urgent necessity for the South, but their demands for a global reallocation of resources remained unmet. The gap is likely to widen considerably in future.     

黄金采选业污染防治成功案例研究

河南金源公司祁雨沟金矿在新技术改造项目中引进了清洁生产工艺,可节约生产用水资金,提高劳动生产效率;减排生产废水和污染物等,实现经济和环境效益双赢。     

上海市环境库兹涅茨曲线分析

经济发达城市的经济发展与环境保护有着相似的经历。以上海市经济增长和废水排放的关系为例,在选取上海市1991-2007年经济与废水排放数据的基础上,建立了人均GDP与废水排放量的模型和绘制了环境库兹涅茨曲线。研究发现,上海市的经济与环境指标中的固废生产量符合环境库兹涅茨曲线呈倒U型,而环境指标中的废水、废气指标则是库兹涅茨曲线呈正U型。     

我国工业“三废”的环境库兹涅茨曲线实证研究

选取我国1996~2008年共13年的人均GDP与工业"三废"排放量的统计数据,借助SPSS系统软件,建立计量经济学模型,分析了工业"三废"排放量的环境库兹涅茨曲线特征及其成因。研究发现:我国工业固体废物排放量的环境库兹涅茨曲线呈现出一条递增的直线;工业废水排放量的环境库兹涅茨曲线呈现出一条"倒N型"("U型"+"倒U型")曲线;工业废气排放量环境库兹涅茨曲线近似"倒U型"曲线的左半段。也就是说,除工业废水排放量回归曲线出现拐点外,工业固体废物产生量与工业废气排放量仍处于上升期。     

成渝经济区森林碳储量动态及空间格局特征

以GIS为支撑,以成渝经济区的空间关系、自然环境和社会环境为基础,分析2000—2007年森林碳储量的动态和空间格局.结果表明:①2000—2007年森林碳储量从3.39×108 t增至3.59×108 t,年均增长率为0.72%,区域碳汇能力逐渐增强.②各生态功能区森林碳储量变化不同,经济发达地区碳储量增长更为缓慢.③森林碳储量在各高程等级均有所增加,其中海拔在500～1 000 m的区域增长最快,海拔≥3 000 m的区域增长最慢;坡度为25～35°的区域增长最快,≥35°的区域增长最慢.④森林碳储量除在人口密度≥1 000人/km2的区域呈缓慢减少的趋势外,在其他区域均呈增加趋势,其中人口密度在250～500人/km2的区域增长最快.⑤同一年内森林碳储量呈现出随GDP增加而逐渐减少的趋势;年际间,各GDP等级内碳储量均呈增加趋势,其中在GDP为2.5×106～5.0×106元/km2的区域增长最快.     

运用经济制度推进污染减排的探索

随着经济规模的不断扩大,我国污染减排的压力持续加大,在充分运用必要的行政和法律手段的同时,应注重运用污染减排的税收制度、排污权交易制度、与金融部门共享环境信息等经济制度或手段调控社会环境行为,将环境成本内部化,增加企业直接排污成本,降低企业内部治理成本,调动减排积极性,促进污染减排计划的顺利实施。