全文获取类型
收费全文 | 628篇 |
免费 | 51篇 |
国内免费 | 36篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 30篇 |
废物处理 | 9篇 |
环保管理 | 194篇 |
综合类 | 231篇 |
基础理论 | 102篇 |
污染及防治 | 29篇 |
评价与监测 | 19篇 |
社会与环境 | 73篇 |
灾害及防治 | 28篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 11篇 |
2022年 | 15篇 |
2021年 | 21篇 |
2020年 | 38篇 |
2019年 | 17篇 |
2018年 | 11篇 |
2017年 | 31篇 |
2016年 | 34篇 |
2015年 | 29篇 |
2014年 | 20篇 |
2013年 | 41篇 |
2012年 | 25篇 |
2011年 | 54篇 |
2010年 | 17篇 |
2009年 | 24篇 |
2008年 | 37篇 |
2007年 | 30篇 |
2006年 | 25篇 |
2005年 | 26篇 |
2004年 | 18篇 |
2003年 | 10篇 |
2002年 | 15篇 |
2001年 | 15篇 |
2000年 | 14篇 |
1999年 | 18篇 |
1998年 | 20篇 |
1997年 | 9篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 12篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有715条查询结果,搜索用时 187 毫秒
551.
The flood defence agency in England and Wales has been pursuing a programme of flood warning system enhancement, engaging householders at risk in improving their warning responses. The immediate aim of this paper is to test and revise a model of economic benefits of warnings, but the survey data also generate insights into the constraints acting upon flood warning responses. Damage saving is less than previously anticipated: warning reliability and householder availability problems limit savings. Warnings are less likely to be received by those in lower social grades, and flood warning lead time is a factor in avoiding damage. The survey data indicate the complexities involved in improving flood warning response, and provide policy pointers. 相似文献
552.
《Environmental Hazards》2013,12(4):129-136
Abstract Landslides can create permanently unstable sites that cannot be repaired or developed, and as a result, can cause severe economic and social consequences for families and communities. This study examines the economic and social effects of a landslide that struck Western Washington in February 1999. Two years after the landslide, property owners completed a confidential questionnaire. Property owners experienced significant personal financial losses and received little financial assistance to recover. Most (93%) did not receive any relief from their insurance policies, and 7% received only temporary rental assistance. Participants reported a variety of monetary and personal losses that were associated with emotional distress. They also reported a variety of gains and new perspectives on life. In this paper, we consider mechanisms to reduce the economic losses of landslides as well as implications and future research directions. 相似文献
553.
K. Treier K. Pajuste J. Frey 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2004,38(40):7009-7019
Monthly and annual means of main anions (SO42−, NO3−, Cl−) and summed base cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+) in bulk precipitation were studied at 10 stations during an 8-year monitoring period. The data showed statistically significant decreasing trends in most cases. Average declines of mean annual volume-weighted concentrations for both anions and cations were about two-fold. Despite the decrease, the loads of S and cations are still relatively high in Estonia (about 4–14 kg S ha−1 and 0.6–1.2 keq ha−1, respectively) compared with the loads in Finland and Sweden. Estimated linear decline trends followed the same pattern as annually combusted oil shale from Estonian power plants and emissions of SO2 and fly ash. Recent trends in chemical composition of bulk precipitation at the monitoring stations reflected economic changes in Estonia as well as transboundary fluxes from neighbouring countries. 相似文献
554.
Xuemei WANG Weihua CHEN Duohong CHEN Zhiyong WU Qi Fan 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2016,10(1):53-62
Understanding the trends in PM2.5 levels is essential for formulating clean air plans. This paper analyzes PM2.5 data from various published sources for the years 2000 to 2010 in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone (PRDEZ). The long-term variation in PM2.5 mass concentration is analyzed. Results show that PM2.5, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and S O 4 2 − show a similar trend, increasing before 2005 and then decreasing slightly. The annual average PM2.5 concentration ranges from 49.1 μg·m−3 in 2000 to 64.3 μg·m−3 in 2010, with a peak of 84.1 μg·m−3 in 2004. None of these 11 years meets the new National Ambient Air Quality standard (NAAQS) for PM2.5 (35 μg·m−3). Overall average concentrations of OC, EC, and S O 4 2 − are 13.0, 6.5, and 11.8 μg·m−3, respectively. N O 3 − and N H 4 + respectively have concentrations of 1.5 μg·m−3 and 2.9 μg·m−3 in 2000 and 6.4 μg·m−3 and 5.3 μg·m−3 in 2010, with a statistically significant average annual trend of+ 0.2 μg·m−3·yr−1 and+ 0.1 μg·m−3·yr−1. In certain geographic regions, OC and EC contribute most of the PM2.5, while in other regions secondary water-soluble ions are more important. In general, OC and S O 4 2 − are the dominant components of PM2.5, contributing 20.6% and 18.6%, respectively. These results provide, for the first time, a better understanding of the long-term PM2.5 characteristics and trends, on a species-by-species basis, in the PRDEZ. The results indicate that PM2.5 abatement needs to prioritize secondary species. 相似文献
555.
论开发项目环境影响经济损益分析的方法 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
介绍了环境影响经济损益分析通用的 9项指标及 5种货币化方法 ,并以某煤矿为例 ,作了示范分析。 相似文献
556.
Hajkowicz S Spencer R Higgins A Marinoni O 《Journal of environmental management》2008,88(4):1601-1610
This study borrows concepts from healthcare economics and uses cost utility analysis (CUA) to select an optimum portfolio of water quality enhancement projects in Perth, Western Australia. In CUA, costs are handled via standard discounted cash flow analysis, but the benefits, being intangible, are measured with a utility score. Our novel methodology combines CUA with a binary combinatorial optimisation solver, known as a 'knapsack algorithm', to identify the optimum portfolio of projects. We show how water quality projects can be selected to maximise an aggregate utility score while not exceeding a budget constraint. Our CUA model applies compromise programming (CP) to measure utility over multiple attributes in different units. CUA is shown to provide a transparent and analytically robust method to maximise benefits from water quality remediation investments under a constrained budget. 相似文献
557.
Five organic Sloping and Mountainous Olive Plantation Production Systems (SMOPS) have been studied in four olive-producing areas in four European countries (Spain, Italy, Greece and Portugal). Results indicate that these SMOPS provide ecological, economic and social benefits to the regions in which they are located, although most of these benefits are not strictly limited to the organic production systems. Erosion control and organic matter balance remain significant issues in four of the SMOPS and we suggest that subsidy support should be conditional on the implementation of additional soil and water conservation measures that should be provided with specific funding. Most of the SMOPS will remain dependent on a similar level of support in order for olive production to remain economically feasible. The lower profitability compared to non-organic olive production systems suggests that there is limited scope for expansion of organic olive production, although in the study areas where there is little such production, such as Western Crete (Greece) and Basilicata-Salerno (Italy) the scope remains great. The analysis of the reasons for the beneficial effects of olive cultivation in the areas studied indicates that in most cases soil management techniques adopted in or recommended for organic production systems could provide similar benefits in other production systems as well. 相似文献
558.
Y. C. Sharma P. Aggarwal T. N. Singh 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(3):589-599
India is the first country to introduce environmental legislation in the constitution but because of lengthy legal procedures,
it is very difficult to control environmental deterioration. There are many factors responsible for this deterioration. Coal
mining is one such activity where deterioration is very severe and the present communication aims this aspect. Coal is the
one of the most essential mineral having large reserves in India. It’s mining and beneficiation produce a variety of pollutants.
The main pollutants emitted during the processing of coal are green house gases, coal dust and acid mine drainage. Many reports
on different aspects of coal mining are available including reports on emission of different pollutants but the present work
is probably only of it’s kind in which the authors have tried to determine environment liability directly in terms of economy.
It was found that greenhouse liabilities, coal dust liability and sulphur liability are accounted for 12.07, 5.0 and 101.97
US$, making an overall 2.4% of the total economic gains due to coal mining. During the calculations approximate number of
total workers and other parameters have been taken into consideration. Who pays for this irreversible damage is a question.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
559.
城市污水厂污泥好氧处理可行性研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
针对上海城市污水厂污泥出路问题,进行了污泥好氧消化处理试验,并结合实际情况探讨了该技术在部分污水厂应用的经济技术可行性。 相似文献
560.
生活垃圾填埋场细菌气溶胶分布及职业暴露风险评估 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为探究生活垃圾填埋场细菌气溶胶分布以及场区员工的职业暴露风险,在西安市某垃圾填埋场的6个功能区测定和分析了细菌气溶胶浓度、粒径分布和细菌活性,并运用风险商法评估场区员工的职业暴露风险.结果表明,生活垃圾填埋场细菌气溶胶浓度最高和最低值分别为渗滤液收集区((5381±3875)CFU·m-3)和生活办公区((1227±204)CFU·m-3),不同季节细菌气溶胶浓度变化为:夏季 > 秋季 > 冬季 > 春季.各采样点位于0.65~1.1 μm的细菌气溶胶浓度最低,小粒径细菌气溶胶比重由春季到冬季逐渐增大,各采样点细菌气溶胶的平均中值粒径均小于5.0 μm.流式细胞术分析结果显示,冬季不同采样点细菌气溶胶中活菌占比为74%~83%.细菌气溶胶职业暴露风险商均小于1,不同季节的暴露风险大小为夏季 > 秋季 > 冬季 > 春季,成年男性的职业暴露风险大于成年女性. 相似文献