A Vegetation-Based Method for Ecological Diagnosis of Riverine Wetlands

/ The management of riverine wetlands, recognized as a major component of biodiversity in fluvial hydrosystems, is problematic. Preservation or restoration of such ecosystems requires a method to assess the major ecological processes operating in the wetlands, the sustainability of the aquatic stage, and the restoration potential of each riverine wetland. We propose a method of diagnosis based on aquatic macrophytes and helophytes. Plant communities are used because they are easy to survey and provide information about (1) the origin of a water supply (i.e., groundwater, seepage, or surface river water) and its nutrient content, (2) effects of flood disturbances, and (3) terrestrialization processes. The novelty of the method is that, in contrast to available typologies, it is based on the interference of gradients resulting from several processes, which makes it possible to predict wetland sustainability and restoration potential. These predictions result from knowledge of the processes involved in terrestrialization, i.e., the influence of flood disturbances, occurrence of groundwater supplies, trophic degree, and water permanency of the habitat during a yearly cycle. The method is demonstrated on five different river systems.     

塑性石膏浆防治煤炭自燃性能研究

综述了国内外喷注型浆体防煤自燃技术的现状和发展趋势,通过实验,得出塑性石膏浆的配制方案和堵漏风效果。结果表明：在井下高湿环境中,塑性石膏浆不仅具有良好的附着性、充填性和保塑性,而且用料单一、成本较低、无毒无害,满足防治煤炭自燃对喷注型材料的基本要求,有利于提高煤矿生产的安全保障程度。     

清洁生产审核中咨询机构的作用及能力建设

阐述了清洁生产审核的有效性、创新性和规范性,分析了清洁生产咨询机构在清洁生产审核中应发挥的作用,并结合我国实际情况提出了咨询机构急需在人才配置等方面加强能力建设。     

生态学原理在生态工业园发展中的应用

近年来生态学原理越来越广泛的应用于人类社会的各个方面,尤其是随着循环经济模式的提出和清洁生产理念的倡导,生态工业园成为工业园发展的未来方向。本文重点阐述了国内外生态工业园的类型以和发展趋势,以及我国生态工业园目前在建设过程中存在的相关问题。     

生态动力学模型在太湖水质模拟中的应用

考察了西澳大利亚大学水研究中心开发的生态动力学模型CAEDYM与三维水动力模型ELCOM的耦合模型在太湖的应用效果,用该模型模拟了2005年5月~6月太湖的水温、总氮、硝氮、氨氮、总磷、磷酸盐、叶绿素a,通过实测数据进行参数率定。并用2005年8月的实测资料作为初始条件,9月的模拟资料与实测资料进行对比,对模型进行了验证。结果显示模型较好地模拟了太湖的水质变化和分布。     

Screening life cycle assessment of an office used for academic purposes

The aim of this study is to contribute to the analysis of the environmental impacts deriving from common aspects of the service sector activity and to identify auxiliary actions and hot spots in order to improve the environmental performance of offices used for educational purposes. In that aspect, a screening life cycle assessment (LCA) for a university office-workstation of Democritus University of Thrace, Greece, was performed with the application of the SimaPro LCA software, and the Impact 2002+ method with fifteen impact categories for the interpretation of results. Findings from this research indicated that energy consumption for the powering electronic appliances was the key factor affecting most of the environmental impact categories examined. The impact categories most seriously affected by the office life cycle were the emissions of respiratory inorganics (39%), global warming (31%) and non-renewable energy use (27%). The saving of the energy consumed due to standby mode could lead to a reduction of 2.4% of the total energy consumption in the office in a yearly basis with proportional positive influence in all the respective impact categories. Additionally, utilization of solar energy through photovoltaic panels could lead to a reduction close to 90% for a number of impact categories. Therefore, actions and strategies for improving the environmental performance of academic offices should focus on the reduction of energy consumption.     

The water footprint of hydroelectricity: a methodological comparison from a case study in New Zealand

Hydroelectricity has been rated to have a large water footprint (WF) on global average. We assessed the WF of hydroelectricity by three different methods using New Zealand as a case study. The first (WF-1) and second (WF-2) methods only consider the consumptive water use of the hydroelectricity generation system, while our third method (WF-3) accounts for the net water balance. Irrespective of the method, the WF of New Zealand’s hydroelectricity was found much smaller than the commonly cited international value of 22 m³ GJ⁻¹. Depending on the method, the national WF ranged from 1.55 m³ GJ⁻¹ (WF-3) to 6.05 m³ GJ⁻¹ (WF-1). The WF- 3 considers the net water balance including rainfall, which is the key driver for replenishing water resources. It provides meaningful information that helps our understanding of the differences of the WF in locations, which are diverse in terms of water resource availability. We highlight the effects of local climatic differences and the structural specifics of a hydroelectricity scheme on the WF. The large variation in the WF of hydropower across New Zealand illustrates the inappropriateness of using global average values. Local values, calculated using our hydrologically rational method, must be used.     

铁路两侧划分声环境功能区的讨论

讨论现有标准对铁路两侧声环境功能区划分的适用性,概括与铁路两侧声环境功能区划分相关的研究成果,提出尽快制定铁路两侧声环境功能区划分标准的建议.     

价值工程在环境监测仪器设备建设中的应用

在环境监测仪器设备建设中应用价值工程原理和方法,对仪器设备配置方案进行评估.结果表明,价值工程有利于合理地配置各类仪器设备,选择与其功能相适应的成本价位,充分发挥仪器设备建设资金的使用效益,提高环境监测总体能力.