电解催化降解有机污染物机理的高效液相色谱研究(Ⅰ)——原理和实验结果

目前对电解催化降解有机污染物的机理存有争议。本文用苯酚作为 HO·的捕集剂 ,采用高效液相色谱法对形稳阳极电解处理有机废水的机理进行了研究 ,表明在电解过程中产生了对苯二酚和邻苯二酚等羟基化产物 ,这正是HO·和芳环类化合物之间的特征反应。实验结果说明电解催化体系能够产生氧化能力极强的 HO· ,可以氧化降解废水中的有机污染物 ,即有机污染物以间接氧化的方式降解 ,这是电解催化氧化技术的主要机理。由于上述原因 ,电解催化氧化技术也属于高级氧化技术的范畴     

不同类型机动车尾气中的多环芳烃含量分析

采用底盘测功机模拟汽车的加速、减速、匀速和怠速过程,采集了机动车排放的尾气,并对尾气中颗粒态物质和气态物质的多环芳烃含量进行了分析,结果表明,柴油车和汽油车无论在何种工况下,尾气中低环多环芳烃在气态物质中的含量都要高于在颗粒态物质中的含量;中环多环芳烃在气态物质中和颗粒态物质中的含量相接近;高环多环芳烃在颗粒态物质中的含量要高于气态物质中的含量.机动车尾气中PAHs的苯并[a]芘等效致癌浓度(BaPE)在0.558～5,684之间,BaPE/BaP比值在2.029～8.413之间.即BaP以外的多环芳烃贡献了相当于103%～741%BaP浓度的等效致癌毒性;尾气中气态物质和颗粒态物质的PAHs总量和苯并[a]芘含量的回归分析表明两者之间存在着较好的线性关系,其可决系数分别为0.8343和0.7158.     

安全工程专业本科实验教学改革与实践

实验教学在高等学校教学工作中非常重要,是衡量学校教学、科研质量的一个重要因素,本文提出对安全实验教学内容的改革措施,实行实验教学单独设课,为本专业本科学生提供基本技能操作训练、研究性或探索性以及验证、综合性、设计提高性等多种实验,可提高学生实际操作能力及对专业的兴趣和认识,对本专业培养应用型人才和学生走上工作岗位后尽快胜任工作具有深远的意义。     

Freeze–dried synthesized bifunctional biopolymer nanocomposite for efficient fluoride removal and antibacterial activity

Local fluoride contamination and bacterial infections in potable water have dangerous effects on the human body and are today a global concern. In this study, we have synthesized a pH-responsive bifunctional biopolymer nanocomposite (HAZ) of humic acid with incorporating aluminum zirconium bimetallic oxide by deep freeze–drying method. Fast nucleation and interconnection of nanoparticles form a highly porous network because of sublimation of frozen HAZ. This duo nanocomposite has efficiently worked for fluoride removal and showed potent antibacterial activity against the Escherichia coli Gram-negative and Staphylococcus aureus Gram-positive bacteria. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis demonstrates that the hydroxyl groups act as a pivot in the ion exchange process of adsorption, each element of bimetallic oxide primarily takes part in the adsorption mechanism. The maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent was 180.62 mg/g at pH seven. Thermodynamic parameters like Gibbs free energy change (ΔG⁰), entropy (ΔS⁰), and enthalpy (ΔH⁰) indicate that the process was endothermic, feasible, and taken place by a chemisorption mechanism. This is the first novel freeze–dried bifunctional biopolymer nanocomposite composed of humic acid natural polymer incorporated with Al–Zr metal oxide, and it exhibited three times higher adsorption efficacy with excellent antibacterial action at a concentration of 5 µg/mL of the nanocomposite.     

Arsenic and cadmium removal from water by a calcium-modified and starch-stabilized ferromanganese binary oxide

A new calcium-modified and starch-stabilized ferromanganese binary oxide (Ca-SFMBO) sorbent was fabricated with different Ca concentrations for the adsorption of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in water. The maximum As(III) and Cd(II) adsorption capacities of 1% Ca-SFMBO were 156.25 mg/g and 107.53 mg/g respectively in single-adsorption systems. The adsorption of As and Cd by the Ca-SFMBO sorbent was pH-dependent at values from 1 to 7, with an optimal adsorption pH of 6. In the dual-adsorbate system, the presence of Cd(II) at low concentrations enhanced As(III) adsorption by 33.3%, while the adsorption of As(III) was inhibited with the increase of Cd(II) concentration. Moreover, the addition of As(III) increased the adsorption capacity for Cd(II) up to two-fold. Through analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), it was inferred that the mechanism for the co-adsorption of Cd(II) and As(III) included both competitive and synergistic effects, which resulted from the formation of ternary complexes. The results indicate that the Ca-SFMBO material developed here could be used for the simultaneous removal of As(III) and Cd(II) from contaminated water.     

Relationship between bioaccumulation, distribution of METand lipid content of aquatic organisms

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探讨气相色谱—质谱联用技术在环境有机污染物检测中的应用

近些年来,随着人们对于环境质量要求的日益提高和科学技术的快速发展,越来越多的检测手段被应用于环境有机污染物检测之中,气相色谱质谱联用技术就是其中一种。本文就在对气相色谱质谱联用技术和前期处理介绍的基础上,分析了其在几种环境有机污染物检测中的应用。     

关于中职语文教学的几点思考

当前,随着我国教育事业地全面发展和社会对技术性人才需求地激增,中等职业教育受到了越来越多的重视。中职语文教学是中职教育的重要组成部分,对于提高学生的语言运用能力和交际能力,进而促进学生的社会性发展和职业综合素质的提升具有非常重要的作用。本文中笔者结合自身的中职语文的教学经验,针对中职语文教学的现状,对如何提高中职语文教学水平提出了自己的几点看法,希望能够对中职语文教学的长足发展有一定的帮助。     

生态环境保护和治理技术分析

本文围绕着我国西部生态环境、气候条件、水土流失等恶劣的自然条件,进行了一系列的实地考察。最终将在这方面取得成功的(土地综合利用与生态环境保护)案例作为西部交通项目的导航,特此将(土地综合利用与生态环境保护)的优点及其优势进行了详细的概括。     

长直水平管道中铝粉/空气混合物爆炸试验研究

在长为32.4 m,内径为0.199 m的大型长直水平管道中对铝粉/空气两相流的爆炸过程进行了试验研究.试验初始压力为0.14MPa,初始温度为20℃,水平布置17个传感器对试验数据进行测量记录.采用40J电火花进行点火,对铝粉/空气混合物燃烧转爆轰过程(DDT)进行分析,并对不同质量浓度时混合物的燃爆情况进行比较.结果表明:铝粉质量浓度为184 g/m3时,铝粉/空气混合物未被引燃;铝粉质量浓度为230 g/m3时,水平管道末端刚好进入爆轰阶段,此质量浓度为该条件下燃烧转爆轰的最低临界质量浓度;质量浓度为276g/m3、367 g/m3、459 g/m3 505g/m3、551 g/m3、643 g/m3时,均能在此水平管道内完成爆燃向爆轰的转变,并且能够自持.铝粉/空气混合物爆轰的最优质量浓度为551 g/m3.对质量浓度为505 g/m3时的铝粉/空气混合物的燃烧转爆轰过程进行分析,进入爆轰阶段后,多相燃料空气混合物爆轰超压和速度曲线呈现随距离传播不断振荡,但均值稳定的典型特征,其爆轰波胞格尺寸λ约为0.486m.