Phytoremediation of Nickel-Contaminated Soils by Brassica Species

Two Brassica species Brassica juncea and Brassica carinata of the Indian mustard, were grown in an artificially Ni-contaminated soil to study the tolerance and Ni accumulation. Chelating agent, EDTA was applied at the rosette stage for enhancing the metal uptake. Nickel concentration over almost double that in control was observed in both the species with Ni contamination along with EDTA application. Specie B. juncea appeared to be slightly more tolerant and higher accumulator of Ni. In agreement with the earlier reports, the translocation of the pollutant metal to the shoot from the root seemed to be restricted in both of Brassica species at higher rate of Ni application plus EDTA. The results of the present study indicated that B. juncea has the potential to be hyperaccumulator of Ni.     

镉镍密封蓄电池的清洁生产实践

通过清洁生产实践，对镉镍密封蓄电池的生产工艺进行评估、改造，加大实施规范化清洁生产审计力度，达到了节能、降耗、减污、增效的目的。     

掺Ni^2＋的TiO2颗粒光催化性能的研究

通过溶胶．凝胶法制备掺杂Ni^2＋的纳米TiO2，并用XRD和TEM进行了表征，发现Ni^2＋的掺杂减小了TiO2颗粒的粒径，Ni2＋／TiO2晶型为锐钛型。通过对目标物罗丹明B的光催化降解实验，发现Ni^2＋的掺杂提高了TiO2的光催化活性，其降解罗丹明B的反应遵从一级反应动力学方程，Ni^2＋惨杂量为1．2％时的光催化活性最高。     

Second german heavy-metal survey by means of mosses,and comparison of the first and second approach in germany and other european countries

This paper shows the geographic distribution in Germany of iron (Fe), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) analyzed in mosses in 1995/96 and compares it with the results of the 1990/91 pilot study within a European moss-monitoring programme. Other elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ti, V, Zn) are compared on basis of the overall element medians for Germany of the 1990/91 and 1995/96 survey. Samples of Pleurozium schreberi, Scleropodium purum, Hypnum cupressiforme and Hylocomium splendens were taken at a total of 1026 sites. In the 1995/96 monitoring campaign, 95% of the original sites of the 1990/91 study were resampled. The results from 1995/96 display local elevated values and many cases of areas affected by known sources of heavy-metal emissions. The industrialized and urban regions of Germany are shown up clearly by the 1995/96 moss-monitoring results: the Ruhr area, parts of Saarland and Baden-Württemberg, as well as areas in eastern Germany. Relatively low values for many elements were found in large areas of Lower Saxony and Bavaria. A comparison of the results of the 1990/91 and 1995/96 moss-monitoring programmes shows a fall in the concentration of the presented elements (except cadmium, copper and zinc) over the relevant period. Especially in the former GDR, chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti) and vanadium (V) decreased significantly. This is, firstly, a reflection of the closure of and/or technological improvements to large power plants; secondly it is due to the fact that lignite has given way to other fuels. Vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni), typical constituents of crude oil, also show a decrease in the western part and thus document changes in the type of fuel consumed. The significant fall in lead concentration in 1995/96 as compared to 1990/91 in what used to be East and West Germany probably results from the increasing use of lead-free petrol. A comparison of the median values for 1990/91 and 1995/96 in mosses to the rate of emission of heavy metals in Germany for 1990 and 1995 shows similar trends in the case of elements such as arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb). The comparison of the medians of the elements analyzed for 19 European countries indicates for most of the elements a general tendency to lower values in 1995, except for Lithuania, Netherlands, Portugal, Italy and United Kingdom.     

Ni/Ce-Y沸石的制备及其对二苯并噻吩吸附研究

研究了负载二元金属NiCe-Y沸石的制备以及吸附二苯并噻吩的动力学性能。试验考察了二元金属Ni、Ce离子交换顺序、负载溶液方面对吸附剂制备的影响,初步得到了制备负载二元金属NiCe-Y吸附剂的优化条件。对NiCe-Y吸附剂进行脱硫性能评价及动力学分析,结果表明,负载二元金属NiCe-Y吸附剂比负载单一金属的Ni-Y吸附量提高31%,比Ce-Y吸附剂提高16%。     

载铁ACF/Ni阴极电化学体系除藻效能与机制

采用化学浸渍法将Fe@Fe₂O₃纳米线负载在活性炭纤维/泡沫镍上组成Fe@Fe₂O₃/ACF/Ni复合阴极,以钛基铂（Pt/Ti）为阳极,考察载铁量、初始pH值和不同电化学体系对除藻效果的影响,探究无供氧条件下Pt/Ti-Fe@Fe₂O₃/ACF/Ni电化学体系除藻的效能;基于·OH间接检测、铁离子浓度、H₂O₂浓度及pH值的分析和·O₂^-的检测研究Pt/Ti-Fe@Fe₂O₃/ACF/Ni中性电化学体系反应机制.结果表明,当制备阴极阶段投加0.03g FeCl₃×6H₂O,初始藻浓度为0.7×10⁹~0.8×10⁹个/L,电流密度为75mA/cm²,初始pH6.2时,电解60min,该体系除藻率可达到92.3%.在Pt/Ti-Fe@Fe₂O₃/ACF/Ni电化学体系中,Fe@Fe₂O₃/ACF/Ni阴极可通过电化学反应产生大量·OH和·O₂^-,使藻细胞破裂死亡;该体系除藻的主要机理是非均相电Fenton反应.     

35Cr2Ni4MoA 材料防腐蚀性能验证研究

目的验证35Cr2Ni4MoA材料采取镀硬铬、封孔表面防护的耐腐蚀性能。方法开展35Cr2Ni4MoA材料表面镀硬铬有无封孔防护状态下的实验室加速腐蚀环境试验,研究材料表面腐蚀行为特点,加速腐蚀试验共8个周期。通过蚀坑深度、腐蚀面积、单位面积腐蚀数量等描述35Cr2Ni4MoA材料表面腐蚀情况。结果 35Cr2Ni4MoA材料表面镀硬铬和封孔防护后试验件腐蚀程度明显减低。结论镀硬铬、封孔表面防护能有效提高海洋环境下35Cr2Ni4MoA材料表面的耐蚀性能。     

两种类型的厄尔尼诺事件对大气环流及黑龙江省低温洪涝灾害的影响

厄尔尼诺事件按发生时间可分为：春季型和秋季型,按发生源地又可分为东部型和西部型。它们都有在春季阿留申低槽发展向西摆动,到夏季控制我国东北地区的特征。这种形势下,对黑龙江省灾害天气的影响主要看副高的变化。春季型副高弱,北界偏南脊点偏东则有低温发生;副高强,北界偏北脊点西伸则有高温洪涝灾害。秋季型由于乌拉尔低槽和阿留申低槽于夏季在东北汇合加强,易造成低温多雨。东部型的天气过程与秋季型基本相似,也易发生低温。西部型天气过程与其它型差异较大,在夏季东亚区维持一脊一槽型,如副高强脊点偏西有洪涝;如副高北界偏南则低温多雨,副高偏北则高温洪涝。由此,利用厄尔尼诺的类型及大气环流变化就可提前预报低温洪涝灾害。     

镍/铁和铜/铁双金属降解四氯乙烯的研究

选用镍 /铁和铜 /铁双金属对四氯乙烯 (PCE)进行脱氯试验 .结果表明 ,双金属系统对四氯乙烯有明显的脱氯作用 ,且脱氯反应符合准一级反应动力学方程 ,双金属在降解PCE的过程中 ,无三氯乙烯 (TCE)、二氯乙烯 (DCE)和氯乙烯 (VC)等中间产物形成 ,与零价铁系统相比 ,双金属系统对PCE的降解速率有明显提高 ,尤其是Ni/Fe双金属 ,反应速率常数kSA从 0 1 2 89ml·m- 2 ·h- 1 提高到 0 3697ml·m- 2 ·h- 1 ,Cu/Fe双金属的反应速率常数kSA为 0 2 2 79ml·m- 2 ·h- 1 .无论是哪种反应介质 ,在制备过程中干燥与否对脱氯速率都有很大的影响