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661.
A novel water control technology that combines the features of a reticular blind drainage system and a vertical hierarchical drainage system is developed and applied in the Yanziyan Sanitary Landfill, which is located at an area (Loudi City, Hunan Province, China) with high rainfall and high groundwater level. The reticular blind drain system, which was installed on the bottom and side walls of the landfill site, can conveniently guide the flow of groundwater out of the site while preventing a disorganized flow of groundwater. The vertical hierarchical drainage system was installed to separate rainfall water and leachate in the landfill site, thus efficiently reducing the pressure of leachate treatment. The whole drainage system plays a key role in foundation stabilization by seepage control and separation and in the instant drainage of rainfall water. The leachate reduction efficiency of the drainage technology was calculated in terms of leachate production before (336519 m3) and after (29664 m3) technology application. Over 90% of leachate derived from rainfall water and groundwater inflow was avoided upon installation of the vertical hierarchical drainage and reticular blind drainage systems. The technology can thus be popularized and applied for water control in landfills located in areas with high rainfall and high groundwater level. The proposed technology can be used to alleviate the pressure of leachate treatment and to reduce the risk of instability. 相似文献
662.
综述了几种常用的填埋场渗漏检测方法,指出电学法已成为填埋场不同运行阶段(施工期和运营期)渗漏检测的主流方法。分析了各阶段电学检测方法的适用条件和优缺点,在防渗膜铺设阶段,常利用双电极法或电极-偶极子法进行施工完整性检测;在填埋场运营期间,根据场地实际情况可以选择电极格栅法、基于物联网的监测预警云平台、阵列式偶极子法或高密度电法进行膜渗漏检测及长期监测。 相似文献
663.
The mineralization of 14C‐ETU was measured by the evolution of 14CO2 and described with a mathematical model consisting of two terms — one term describing the immediate mineralization of 14C‐ETU and another term describing the first order degradation of humus and/or biomass, where 14C had been built in. The influence of pesticide concentration, depth of soil, and incubation temperature showed combined interaction effects on the amount of 14CO2 formed during the process and on the degradation rate of the pesticide. With the addition of soil extract, a combined effect between concentration and addition of organic extract was seen for the degradation rate, while a three‐way interaction between depth, concentration and organic extract was seen for the formation of 14CO2. Degradation of 14C‐ETU can thus not be described only through investigations of one single of the mentioned parameters. 相似文献
664.
Pius Lee Youhua Tang Daiwen Kang Jeff McQueen Marina Tsidulko Ho-Chun Huang Sarah Lu Mary Hart Hsin-Mu Lin Shaocai Yu Geoff DiMego Ivanka Stajner Paula Davidson 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2009,9(1):23-42
Discrepancies in grid structure, dynamics and physics packages in the offline coupled NWS/NCEP NAM meteorological model with
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model can give rise to inconsistencies. This
study investigates the use of three vertical mixing schemes to drive chemistry tracers in the National Air Quality Forecast
Capability (NAQFC). The three schemes evaluated in this study represent various degrees of coupling to improve the commonality
in turbulence parameterization between the meteorological and chemistry models. The methods tested include: (1) using NAM
predicted TKE-based planetary boundary height, h, as the prime parameter to derive CMAQ vertical diffusivity; (2) using the NAM mixed layer depth to determine h and then proceeding as in (1); and (3) using NAM predicted vertical diffusivity directly to parameterize turbulence mixing
within CMAQ. A two week period with elevated surface O3 concentrations during the summer 2006 has been selected to test these schemes in a sensitivity study. The study results are
verified and evaluated using the EPA AIRNow monitoring network and other ozonesonde data. The third method is preferred a
priori as it represents the tightest coupling option studied in this work for turbulent mixing processes between the meteorological
and air quality models. It was found to accurately reproduce the upper bounds of turbulent mixing and provide the best agreement
between predicted h and ozonesonde observed relative humidity profile inferred h for sites investigated in this study. However, this did not translate into the best agreement in surface O3 concentrations. Overall verification results during the test period of two weeks in August 2006, did not show superiority
of this method over the other 2 methods in all regions of the continental U.S. Further efforts in model improvement for the
parameterizations of turbulent mixing and other surface O3 forecast related processes are warranted. 相似文献
665.
666.
北京秋冬季近地层PM2.5质量浓度垂直分布特征 总被引:25,自引:4,他引:21
选取秋冬两季各14 d对北京地区近地层ρ(PM2.5)垂直分布进行监测,获得ρ(PM2.5)垂直廓线;结合同步测得的气象数据,就气象因素对垂直分布的影响进行了分析;最终拟合了ρ(PM2.5)垂直廓线方程.研究表明:秋冬两季ρ(PM2.5)的垂直分布随高度增加而呈对数递减的规律;风速随高度的变化遵循对数规律;发生逆温时,大气层结稳定,垂直方向上的湍流受到抑制,风速与PM2.5逐时质量浓度在垂直方向的分布呈较好的线性关系,ρ(PM2.5)随高度改变呈显著的对数相关关系;而在非逆温的情况下,PM2.5逐时质量浓度垂直分布与风速线性相关的概率较小,质量浓度的垂直分布与高度的对数关系不显著. 相似文献
667.
即时合成层状双氢氧化物法去除阴离子染料刚果红 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
利用层状双氢氧化物(LDH)合成原理,提出了即时合成LDH处理染料废水的方法,并对其可行性进行了实验研究.该方法的基本原理是由于Mg2+,Al3+水解共沉淀形成LDH,阴离子染料优先进入LDH结构层间平衡结构电荷,从而使阴离子染料以LDH沉淀的形式被去除.探讨了反应时间,pH,n(Mg2+):n(Al3+)及温度对染料去除率的影响.结果表明,在常温下,最佳pH为9.0,反应时间为2 h,n(Mg2+):n(Al3+)为2:1,对刚果红染料的去除率可达100%,效果十分显著. 相似文献
668.
Spatial and temporal distribution of atmospheric mercury species over the Adriatic Sea 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Field measurements of atmospheric mercury and related species were carried out during an intensive cruise campaign performed
over the Adriatic sea from October 26th to November 12th, 2004 on board the R/V Urania. Hg0 ranged between 0.8 and 3.3 ng/m3 with an average of 1.6 ± 0.4 ng/m3 over the entire period. Hg(II) concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 62.8 pg/m3 with an average of 6.7 ± 11.7 pg/m3 whereas Hg-p levels were in a range of 0.04 and 51 pg/m3 with an average of 4.5 ± 8 pg/m3. Higher Hg0 and Hg-p concentrations were observed in the Gulf of Venice and Gulf of Trieste due primarily to air masses transported from
the mainland reflecting the contribution from anthropogenic sources. In contrast, higher Hg(II) concentrations observed during
the first period of the cruise campaign were likely due to the occurrence of photo-oxidants production which are the main
players of the gas phase oxidation of to Hg(II)(g). These findings have been confirmed by the backward trajectories analysis of air masses crossing the studied area during
selected days. 相似文献
669.
Four networks of wind data are used to construct the first systematic estimates of the horizontal diffusivity from observations
of submeso motions on scales often unresolved in numerical models. Currently, the horizontal diffusivity in numerical models
is specified mainly for numerical reasons without observational support. The data analysis in this study emphasizes the stable
boundary layer although results are briefly presented for the unstable boundary layer. The horizontal diffusivity is estimated
from the horizontal gradient and the observed flux. Horizontal gradients of scalars are generally difficult to directly estimate
from observations with sufficient accuracy for much of the data. As an alternative, simulated particles with conservative
properties are introduced into the observed wind field in order to estimate the horizontal diffusivity for submeso motions.
The sensitivity of the horizontal diffusivity to details of the method is examined. The horizontal diffusivity increases with
the range of time and space scales that are included in the evaluation. The horizontal diffusivity is much larger with significant
topography and may increase with wind speed, depending on the site location. The coarse station spacing or the small domain
size is found to be a major limitation to the analysis. 相似文献
670.
碾压混凝土层面抗剪强度的细观数值研究 总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1
碾压混凝土 (RCC)层面抗剪强度关系到碾压混凝土坝的安全。笔者采用随机骨料模型模拟碾压混凝土的细观结构 ,利用有限元方法数值模拟碾压混凝土试件的细观损伤断裂和抗剪强度 ,将所得数值结果与混凝土重力坝设计规范参考值比较 ,结果较为吻合。同时对直剪试验尺寸效应进行研究 ,并给出提高层面抗剪能力的措施。 相似文献