信息社会中的城市环境保护问题

在信息社会，城市将面临自然环境和信息环境的双重环境保护问题，自然环境的污染包括电磁污染，废旧光盘污染、高科技型污染等；信息环境的污染主要包括信息病毒和信息垃圾。与自然环境污染相比，信息环境的污染有其身特点，这些特点决定着信息环境与自然环境保护的不同，应引起有关方面的重视。     

基于力电耦合冲击矿压电磁辐射预测法的研究

笔者首先提出了煤岩变形破裂过程电磁辐射与应力耦合的概念 ,然后在实验研究、理论分析和数值模拟的基础上从力电耦合的角度研究了煤岩冲击矿压预测的电磁辐射法 (EME)。研究结果表明 :FLAC3D方法能对矿山巷道掘进过程煤岩内部应力场进行有效的数值模拟 ;电磁辐射信号主要来源于应力集中区 ,在场点监测到的电磁辐射信号主要是应力集中区煤岩变形破裂过程产生的 ;EME信号呈现出与煤岩内部应力变化相同的规律 ;利用力电耦合方法研究煤岩冲击矿压电磁辐射预测法是可行的。笔者最后还对未来煤岩冲击矿压电磁辐射预测法的研究进行了展望。     

四川绵竹5.0级地震的电磁辐射前兆信息特征

在1999-09-14和1999-11-30绵竹两次5.0级地震前,位于四川省龙门山断裂带上的几个地表台和井下台分别接收到不同频段、不同形态、不同强度的电磁幅射异常信号。本文分析了地震前后电磁幅射信号由弱—强—弱—平静的变化过程,总结出震前电磁幅射异常信息具有持续时间长、范围大、信号强、信息组数多、信息减弱或平静后数天发震的特征。同时尝试用旋转ULF- 地表电磁波信息观测仪天线方位或转动地表DPJ- 点频电磁幅射仪接收天线位置的方法跟踪来波方位,取得较好效果。     

基站电磁辐射防护与环境监管对策分析

移动通信基站是实现通信信号覆盖的重要设备,是保证移动信号覆盖范围与信号质量的基础支撑。现阶段,随着我国现代化、城市化进程不断加快,移动通信基站的架设密集度极大的增加,为实现移动信号全覆盖,为人们的生产生活提供便利发挥重要作用。但是,基站运行过程中,产生的电磁辐射可能会对人体健康造成不利影响。因此,加强基站电磁辐射防护与环境监管是非常必要的。本文对基站电磁辐射安全距离的有效评估进行了分析,提出了基站电磁辐射防护与环境监管的有效对策。     

Measurement of selected indoor physical environmental factors in hairdresser salons in a Turkish City

Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine electromagnetic fields, electric fields, humidity, temperature, and illumination levels in hairdresser salons located in the downtown area of Aydin, Turkey. Also some health problems which could be related with the occupational factors are evaluated. Materials and methods The study was carried out in 30 hairdresser salons, all of which had been registered within the past 5 years. Electric and electromagnetic fields, illumination, temperature and humidity measurements were determined for hairdryers, hood hairdryers and depilatory heaters in the participating salons. A brief questionnaire about characteristics and the health status of hairdressers and workplace conditions was prepared and administered to the hairdressers at the salons. Results The mean electric fields of hairdryers, hood hairdryers and depilatory heaters were determined as 518 ± 74, 1,123 ± 199, and 648 ± 146 in V/m, respectively, at 5 cm from the surface of each device. These appliances generate mean electromagnetic fields in excess of 0.25 μT at 5 cm: hand-held hairdryers, 5.0 ± 0.7 μT; hood hairdryers, 1.6 ± 0.3 μT; and depilatory heaters 1.9 ± 0.6 μT. Total average of cumulative electric and electromagnetic fields, measured at a distance of 90 cm from the surface of these three devices was calculated to be 98.8 V/m and 0.5 μT, in the participating salons. Conclusions This preliminary study suggests that physical environmental factors in the salons may be contributing to the health problems of the hairdressers, and the electrical equipments in the workplaces may have cumulative electric and electromagnetic effects.     

城市移动通信基站电磁辐射环境调查与评价——以连云港为例

对连云港移动通信基站电磁辐射环境进行现状调查与评价,将3个时段内移动基站电磁辐射监测数据进行统计分析和分区评价。结果表明,监测数据均能符合相应的环境标准,县域电磁环境辐射水平整体略低于城市区域,基站周边整体受电磁辐射影响程度随高度上升呈增加趋势,10 m～15 m高度处的综合场强平均峰值最高。     

电磁辐射环境信访分析与应对措施探讨

以南通市辐射环境信访调处为例,对该市近年来电磁辐射信访投诉量及其变化,投诉对象、方式、诉求等进行分析,并结合调处经验,提出上门实测、合法性核查、组织协调等应对措施,以及完善执行机制,优化评价技术;加强辐射环境监管;保障公众参与权、知情权和监督权;正确引导公众舆论等解决辐射环境信访问题的建议。     

移动通信基站架设方式对地面电磁辐射分布的影响

选取南通市具有代表性的9种不同架设类型的基站现场实测,分析其地面水平方向上的电磁辐射分布特征,以掌握基站不同架设方式对地面电磁辐射的影响。结果表明:天线架设方式不同,地面电磁辐射强度及分布存在一定差异,落地塔监测值整体低于楼顶塔。50 m范围内,功率密度值由大到小依次是楼顶抱杆楼顶井字塔楼顶角钢塔楼顶景观塔楼顶集束天线楼顶拉线塔楼顶四角塔楼顶美化天线落地塔,地面最大值普遍出现在距离基站20 m~30 m范围。受天线架设高度、下倾角因素的影响,楼顶美化天线和楼顶角钢塔地面最大值点分别出现在距离基站60 m和70 m处,超出监测点位50 m布设范围。     

Occupational risk from static magnetic fields of MRI scanners

The health care staff operating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners are exposed to static magnetic field of significant spatial heterogenity and high level of flux density—usually existing permanently during the shift. The personnel can also be exposed to pulses of magnetic field of high rate of rise/fall, so-called gradient fields, which exist only during examination of patients. The level of workers’ exposure depends both on the type of the magnet and on the ergonomical characteristic of design of the particular MRI scanner. This paper presents the current state of the art on occupational exposure to static magnetic field health effects, gaps in scientific data, MRI workers’ exposure characteristics, research needs, and suggestions for the exposure assessment protocol for future investigations.     

Alteration of brain electrical activity by electromagnetic field

To better understand the affect of different levels of EMF on one’s brain activity, the Hodgkin–Huxley model has been used to describe the generation of an active potential in the nerve cell membrane. The theoretical calculations have shown that by the simultaneous affect of both passing an electrical potential and external very low frequency AC, one’s excitation pulses may be suppressed beginning with a certain level of external current. The level of this current depends on the frequency. It is postulated that to eliminate this suppression, the brain increases its normal level relatively to the lower limit. It is also postulated that the brain “tunes up” in the presence of external AC, by increasing the amplitude of its own excitation signals so that suppression does not occur. It is possible that this “tuning” process lasts some time after removing the external EMF as the brain adapts. This has been observed experimentally.