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351.
20 0 1 0 1 2 6印度西北部的普杰地区发生了 7 8级强烈地震。对这次强震事件 ,利用卫星遥感监测地气系统射出长波辐射的数值产品资料 ,分析了以普杰为中心整个西亚范围内 ,事件发生前后共计 6个月的月平均辐射场的分布特征及其演变过程。发现自震前 2个月至震时当月 ,普杰地区始终是一个辐射 (热 )场的高值中心 ,震后明显消散。据此认为印度大地震有可识别的预警信息 ,提出利用卫星遥感技术及其产品 ,有可能为“突破”短临地震预报开拓出一种新的预测技术生长点 相似文献
352.
C. Russell 《Regional Environmental Change》2001,2(2):73-76
How to choose among the dozen policy instruments available to environmental management agencies has been a matter of concern
and debate among environmental economists for the entire life of the profession – nearly four decades. The ability, or lack
of it, to measure the quantities or observe the actions made "enforceable" by particular policy instruments ought clearly
to be central to this choice. However, all too often the monitoring problem has been assumed away. When it is reintroduced
in realistic forms, we find, not surprisingly, that some favorite policy instruments, such as pollution charges, are not applicable
to some important problems, such as runoff pollution from farms; that marginal subsidies, by changing the burden of proof,
may no longer be symmetric with charges; and that the apparent freedom from monitoring requirements of the newly fashionable
instrument involving the public provision of information about firms or products is "paid for" by our inability to say anything
about its performance on other dimensions that are also of interest.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
353.
Harald Sverdrup Salim Belyazid Bengt Nihlgård Lars Ericson 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(1-3):163-179
The ForSAFE model, designed for modelling biogeochemical cycles (water, acidity, base cation, nitrogen and carbon) in terrestrial
ecosystems, was modified with a vegetation response module (VEG), incorporating the effects of: nitrogen pollution, acidification,
soil moisture, temperature, wind chill exposure, light and shading by trees, grazing by animals, competition between plants,
above ground for light and below ground for water and nutrients. The model calculates the response of number ground vegetation
plant groups. The integrated model was tested and validated at integrated level II forest monitoring sites across Sweden,
four have been shown here, and used to assess the effect of acidification and nitrogen pollution in relation to factors such
as climate change, forest management and changing grazing pressure. The response functions have been derived from single-factor
experiments and integrated through the model structure for use on whole systems. The tests with the model suggest that the
ground vegetation composition is reasonably well predicted, that much research remains before the model is fully tested and
operational, and that the model may serve as a tool for assessing impacts of climate change, acid rain and forest management
on plant biodiversity in forested areas. 相似文献
354.
Regular additions of NH4NO3 (35–140 kg N ha−1 yr−1) and (NH4)2SO4 (140 kg N ha−1 yr−1) to a calcareous grassland in northern England over a period of 12 years have resulted in a decline in the frequency of the
indigenous bryophyte species and the establishment of non-indigenous calcifuge species, with implications for the structure
and composition of this calcareous bryophyte community. The lowest NH4NO3 additions of 35 kg N ha−1 yr−1 produced significant declines in frequency of Hypnum cupressiforme, Campylium chrysophyllum, and Calliergon cuspidatum. Significant reductions in frequency at higher NH4NO3 application rates were recorded for Pseudoscleropodium purum, Ctenidum molluscum, and Dicranum scoparium. The highest NH4NO3 and (NH4)2SO4 additions provided conditions conducive for the establishment of two typical calcifuges – Polytrichum spp. and Campylopus introflexus, respectively. Substrate-surface pH measurements showed a dose-related reduction in pH with increasing NH4NO3 deposition rates of 1.6 pH units between the control and highest deposition rate, and a further significant fall in pH, of
>1 pH unit, between the NH4NO3 and (NH4)2SO4 treatments. These results suggest that indigenous bryophyte composition may be at risk from nitrogen deposition rates of
35 kg N ha−1 yr−1 or less. These effects are of particular concern for rare or endangered species of low frequency. 相似文献
355.
356.
根据实践,介绍控制图分析法在煤矿安全管理中的应用,将控制图法应用于安全风险指标的统计分析可以对风险指标的发展趋势作出科学判断,评价系统安全状态是否有明显好转或恶化,检验安全管理及技术措施是否有效。以样本矿井为例,分别以月平均受伤人数、月平均计划外瓦斯超限次数为风险评价指标进行控制图分析。应用伤亡事故控制图进行安全管理,其主要优点是能够明确伤亡事故管理目标,掌握事故发展规律与趋势,有利于总结经验,吸取教训,在动态中进行安全管理。控制图分析法在煤矿安全管理中有着简便、实用、动态、预测等多种优点,对煤矿企业安全管理具有推广和借鉴意义。 相似文献
357.
公路隧道火灾事故调研与对策分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过调研国内外近60年来,有代表性的33起公路隧道火灾事故,对公路隧道火灾事故起因、特点及危害进行了详细分析,结合国外公路隧道火灾安全措施以及防火安全评估经验,提出几点降低公路隧道火灾事故风险,减少事故危害的对策与建议。以期为公路隧道规划、设计以及建设运营等工作提供有益的参考。 相似文献
358.
J. L. Bardasano J. Álvarez-Ude I. Gutiérrez M. Raposo R. Goya 《The Environmentalist》2007,27(4):519-523
Objectives This paper aims to provide evidence of an inductive electromagnetic bioeffect on the human brain, which is independent from
sound waves and produced by mobile phones, in proximal field, through correlating the EEG data obtained from electrodes placed
on both normal and cochlear deaf individuals.
Methods Two groups of subjects are placed under controlled electromagnetic conditions inside a Faraday chamber, 12 healthy and another
12 suffering from cochlear deafness). Each is sitting on a chair, fitted with additional support, and holding a cellular phone
2 cm away form the right auricular, in order to avoid a thermal effect as much as possible. All of them, relaxed and with
their eyes closed, are EEG recorded in a basal state with their mobile phones off. Then, each of them is again recorded under
the same conditions but with the mobile on and listening to the same conversation. In order to assess the observed EEG changes,
a statistical analysis by means of the FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) was carried out.
Results For both, healthy and cochlear deaf, assimilation or integration of the mobile phone signal by some electrodes is to be found.
This is due to the increase of amplitudes for alpha and theta waves, whereas the signal is not integrated in other electrodes.
By correlating the spectra of frequencies of corresponding EEG records for the same brain areas, we have not observed significative
differences for both groups.
Conclusions A possible electromagnetic direct inductive, non-thermal, bioeffect on the human brain is observed. This effect is produced
by the use of mobile phones and it bears no relation to the sound waves. 相似文献
359.
提出运用高压变频技术实现电弧炉除尘风机变频调速的工艺.在70 t ABB电弧炉烟气治理运用中,以温度为调速系统主要控制参数,设计工频和变频两套系统,实现除尘风机的转速按工艺要求调节,其功率因数从0.83提高到0.97,除尘系统节电60%,冶炼工况同时也得到改善.表明该工艺具有广阔的应用前景. 相似文献
360.
Illinois has been operating an ambient water quality network of almost 600 stations for several years. In 1977 changes in program emphasis toward intensive monitoring, the need for improved procedures and quality control in monitoring operations, and the desire to create a single data base of all Illinois State monitoring data, resulted in a redesign of the ambient monitoring program.A unique cooperative program between the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency and the US Geological Survey provides for their monitoring a portion of the network. The Survey provides flow data at most network stations as well as extensive manpower training, equipment, data processing, and program quality control. Informal agreements with other agencies have permitted a great reduction in the monitoring effort required by the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency. 相似文献