加工高硫原油的环保问题及治理对策

分析了高硫原油加工带来的环保问题，介绍了镇海炼油化工股份有限公司采取的一系列治理措施，并针对目前仍然存在的问题提出了     

UNCERTAINTY OF EXTREME FLOOD ESTIMATES INCORPRATING HISTORICAL DATA1

ABSTRACT: The ability to predict extreme floods is an important part of the planning process for any water project for which failure will be very costly. The length of a gage record available for use in estimating extreme flows is generally much shorter than the recurrence interval of the desired flows, resulting in estimates having a high degree of uncertainty. Maximum likelihood estimators of the parameters of the three parameter lognormal (3PLN) distribution, which make use of historical data, are presented. A Monte Carlo study of extreme flows estimated from samples drawn from three hypothetical 3PLN populations showed that inclusion of historical flows with the gage record reduced the bias and variance of extreme flow estimates. Asymptotic theory approximations of parameter variances and covariances calculated using the second and mixed partial derivatives of the log likelihood function agreed well with Monte Carlo results. First order approximations of the standard deviations of the extreme flow estimates did not agree with the Monte Carlo results. An alternative method for calculating those standard deviations, the “asymptotic simulation” method, is described. The standard deviations calculated by asymptotic simulation agree well with the Monte Carlo results.     

HYDROLOGIC RESPONSES OF AN AGRICULTURAL WATERSHED TO VARIOUS HYDROLOGIC AND MANAGEMENT CONDITIONS1

ABSTRACT: The hydrologic responses from an agricultural watershed in southeast Nebraska were investigated under an array of physiographic, hydrologic, meteorologic, and management conditions. For analytical purposes, the hydrologic responses were narrowed to include only runoff and sediment yield. The study was performed by utilizing the ANSWERS (Areal Nonpoint Source Watershed Environment Response Simulation) hydrologic-simulation model. Results of this study indicate that, generally, nonstructural (agronomic) Best Management Practices (BMPs) have a more significant impact in controlling erosion and nonpoint-source pollution than structurally oriented BMPs. The percentage of reduction in average soil loss as a result of changing tilage systems from conventional to chisel plow was in the mid-40s. The corresponding percentages of reduction in sediment yield from the watershed under minimum tillage and no-till systems were in the mid-60s and mid-80s, respectively. The impact of these management strategies on runoff varied considerably. That is primarily based on the watershed's antecedent soil moisture condition, land use, and the growth stage of crops. Generally, an intense, short, thunderstorm type of rainfall event had more relative impact on runoff, and therefore sediment yield than a long, gentle, and steady event.     

污染指数法确定企业污染等级的探讨

引入环境参数、社会综合参数、行业参数，根据企业实际排污情况，探讨了运用污染指数法对污染企业实行定量化管理的方法。     

自然保护区生态旅游开发及保护规划探讨——以武夷山自然保护区为例

对自然保护区生态旅游开发意义和特点进行阐述，并以武夷山自然保护区为例，探讨如何制订自然保护区生态旅游保护规划，提出管理监控的内容和方法。     

巴县乡镇工业环境污染造成的经济损失与初步分析

巴县１９９３年乡镇工业污染损失大约为２．２９亿元，约占当年全县ＧＮＰ的７．８％。其中农业损失约占４５％，人体健康损失约占２８％。受酸雨作用的钢材和建筑物的损失为０．２６亿元，相当于全县当年新增的生产性固定资产的大部分。文章还论述了巴县乡镇工业污染损失贡献权重系数的参数取值过程。     

信息社会中的城市环境保护问题

在信息社会，城市将面临自然环境和信息环境的双重环境保护问题，自然环境的污染包括电磁污染，废旧光盘污染、高科技型污染等；信息环境的污染主要包括信息病毒和信息垃圾。与自然环境污染相比，信息环境的污染有其身特点，这些特点决定着信息环境与自然环境保护的不同，应引起有关方面的重视。     

我国石油炼制企业清洁生产措施分析

石油炼制工业是我国重要的能源和化工原料生产产业。随着生产负荷的提高，加工深度增加，原料变重变差，石油炼制工业的环境保护压力越来越大。针对石油炼制工业的生产特点，分析其污染源、污染治理现状以及目前存在的一些问题，提出了我国石油炼制企业的清洁生产措施。     

环保型开式吸附制冷系统的实验研究

采用氯化锂除湿转轮，对环保型开式吸附空调制冷系统进行了实验研究。实验证明，该空调制冷系统可用９０ ～１００ ℃的热源作动力，制冷效率可以超过４０ ％ 。这样，利用太阳能或工业余热就可以驱动该制冷系统，减少常规压缩式制冷产生的氟里昂及热岛对空气的污染。本文取得的实验数据为环保型开式吸附空调制冷系统的中试设计提供了可靠依据。     

论城市污水处理厂的建设与管理

论述了建设城市污水处理厂的必要性、污水处理厂的设计标准与边界条件．从各个不同的方面讨论了污水处理厂的环境影响和防治对策、环境经济效益和管理问题．