装配式ALC-轻钢龙骨复合墙体热工性能研究

ALC-轻钢龙骨复合墙体在装配式建筑中可以作为内隔墙或外围墙。但由于钢龙骨在墙体中有着很强的热桥效应,导致了墙体的热工性能难以满足工程需要。使用橡胶材料对轻钢龙骨部位进行热断裂处理来减轻其热桥效应,使用数值模拟方式分析并进行试验验证,模拟结果与试验结果吻合。结果表明,该措施能降低墙体传热系数48%,在钢龙骨位置处的热通量得到明显的改善,墙体表面热流不均匀效应减弱。     

Experimental study and prediction of liquid nitrogen pool evaporation process on concrete surface

The vaporization rate of pool boiling process of a liquid nitrogen spilled on concrete surface was investigated by a visual experiment platform. The boiling curve for liquid nitrogen on concrete cooling process was obtained. The shapes of bubbles in three typical boiling regimes were observed. Based on the experimental results, the coefficients of the empirical formulas for nuclear boiling and film boiling are modified, and the empirical formulas for boiling of liquid nitrogen-concrete surfaces are obtained. Combined with the calculation formula of the non-steady-state semi-infinite one-dimensional heat conduction temperature, a coupled calculation model for the heat transfer and vaporization process of liquid pool on the liquid nitrogen-concrete surface is proposed. Application of this model can better predict the quality of liquid nitrogen vaporization.     

河流重金属随水-悬浮物-底泥迁移转化模型

详细分析重金属在河流中迁移转化过程,并根据质量守恒定律,建立河流重金属随水-悬浮物-底泥迁移转化耦合模型。分析表明:重金属在河流中迁移转化过程包括对流传质、分子扩散传质、吸附和解析传质、沉降和再悬浮传质;根据重金属传质过程及其在体积单元中的质量变化率,考虑河流的状态,建立了河流重金属随水-悬浮物-底泥迁移转化耦合稳态模型和紊动模型,在一定的边界条件和起始条件下,可实现模型的简化求解。     

Laser cleaning of historical limestone buildings in Bordeaux appraisal using cathodoluminescence and electron paramagnetic resonance

BACKGROUND: Most historical buildings in Bordeaux city are made of limestone. This yellowish-white rock is rather porous and highly sensitive to pollution. As a consequence of local weathering conditions, these buildings present a dark appearance due to the development of a superficial dark grey to black crust. METHODS: For the last decade, a campaign has been underway to clean these buildings. Eleven techniques of surface treatment have been used, including laser beam technology. As a contribution to the study of laser beam effects on stone buildings, two analytical methods have been used on clean versus unclean surfaces: Cathodoluminescence (CL) and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), in addition to SEM-EDX and XRD. RESULTS: The black crust is composed of different types of particles: carbon porous micro-particles of industrial origin, atmospheric dust due to the erosion of soils and rocks, alumino-silicate particles from urban pollution; all these particles being cemented by gypsum. DISCUSSION: As far as heritage conservation is concerned, the laser surface treatment not only preserves the original patina of the stone, but also leaves surface smoothness unaltered. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES: CL and EPR data confirm that lasers--with highly controlled parameters--only get rid of the black crust and, thus, reveal the underneath layer, the so-called patina. This patina shows no luminescence, whereas the limestone on which it has grown shows a bright orange emission of CL. This indicates CL to be a fast and easy way to provide a high quality control for the restoration of polluted ancient stones.     

用折流式旋转填料床处理含氨废水

采用折流式旋转填料床处理含氮废水,考察了各因素对吹脱率、传质系数及气相压降的影响、实验结果表明：在pH为10左右、温度为20℃、废水中氨质量浓度为10366mg／L、气体流星为160m^3／h、液体流晕为60L／h、转述为800r／min的条件下,吹脱率为92％,传质系数为3．46kmol／（m^3·s）;折流式旋转填料床的气相压降显著低于其他旋转填料床,且湿床压降低于干床压降;获得了折流式旋转填料床的传质系数和气相压降的回归方程,可分别计算折流式旋转填料床的传质系数和气相压降,考察传质性能和流体力学性能。     

水力自旋传质填料生物膜反应器处理城市污水

采用SCMT型自旋传质生物载体填料处理城市污水,对比研究结果表明:SCMT型自旋传质生物载体填料具有良好的传质性能,在停留时间为1.0 h,气水比为4∶1的情况下,反应器出水水质能够达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB18918-2002)》中规定的二级标准.     

不同填料对反应器充氧能力影响的比较研究

填料是生物接触氧化工和进气量的情况下DO的变化,分析填料对曝气池DO的转移速率有无影响.实验结果表明:对悬浮式填料而言,选择合适的曝气量,投加率在一定的范围内时,随着投加率的增加,曝气池充氧能力增强;对悬挂式填料而言,弹性立体填料的放射状细条结构对气泡起到较强的切割作用,提高了充氧效率.曝气池充氧能力受填料投加率的影响程度顺序为:弹性立体填料＞立体块式悬浮填料＞内置悬浮球形填料＞盾式填料.     

膜萃取处理高浓度工业苯胺废水

大连市某药业公司生产中产生的高浓度苯胺废水可生化性极差,传统工艺处理该废水难度大,且不能回收利用苯胺.采用膜萃取工艺处理该废水,工艺运行稳定,苯胺去除率高.实验结果表明,在进水流量为3.05 L/d、反应温度为50 ℃、萃取液pH≈1、膜管长18 m条件下,进水苯胺质量浓度为33 081 mg/L时,苯胺去除率稳定在97%以上.进行经济核算,每吨废水净收益为103.84元.     

Bio-SR工艺脱硫净化天然气影响因素试验研究

在对比天然气传统脱硫工艺的基础上,结合 Bio-SR工艺特点,分析了该工艺应用于天然气脱硫净化的可行性.通过单因素实验考察了H2S标准混合气浓度、初始Fe3 浓度、喷淋量、空塔停留时间、pH及压力等因素对脱硫率的影响,初步确定了适宜的控制参数.实验结果表明,该工艺对气量大、低H2S质量浓度(＜1.0 g/m3)的天然气有快速高效的净化作用,出气达到管输天然气标准.     

万家寨引黄工程水源地水质调查分析

利用气相色谱法分别在黄河沙汾河水库水中检出296和241个色谱峰；利用色质联用技术分别在黄河水和汾河水库水中检出74个和95个质谱峰，并定性56种和78种化合物。采用化学物质的潜在危害指数法，筛选出10种毒性较大的化合物，用气相以谱外标法给予了准确定量。结果表明，邻苯二甲酸酯类、苯系物和多环芳烃是黄河水和汾河水库水中主要的有机污染物，其浓度大小的排列顺序为：邻苯二甲酸酯类＞苯系物＞多环芳烃。