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71.
城市生活垃圾堆肥及垃圾专用肥对柑桔增产效应 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
城市生活垃圾堆肥及垃圾堆肥配制的专用肥对柑桔的肥效实验结果表明,垃圾堆肥作为基肥使用比常规施肥能使柑桔增产12.4%-14.5%,比空白对照增产74.7%,施用垃圾专用肥的柑桔产量比常规施肥增产4.2%-50.3%,比空白对照增产58.4%-129.0%。施垃圾肥柑桔的营养成份(如维C,还原糖等)和常规施肥没有明显差异,也未发现重金属对桔子的污染。 相似文献
72.
报废电子器件处理技术进展 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
报废电子器件的数量急剧增长,加强其回收利用研究已经得到广泛重视。对报废电子器件的资源情况、回收技术,尤其是以环境保护-资源综合回收为目的的物理分离技术及其应用进行了评述,指出便于回收的电子器件的设计是未来发展的趋势。 相似文献
73.
城市垃圾能量估算方法探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
郑新奇 《城市环境与城市生态》1995,8(3):41-44
本文根据Dulong公式的计算结果,建立了根据城市垃圾组成的重量百分比估算城市垃圾能量的经验公式,并对它进行了检验。估算结果与Dulong公式的计算结果进行相关分析,相关系数在0.98以上,该经验公式具有较好的推广价值,用此公式对我国部分城市垃圾的能量进行了估算。 相似文献
74.
75.
Human exposure to contaminants from electronic cigarettes(e-cigarettes) and the associated health effects are poorly understood.There has been no report on the speciation of arsenic in e-liquid(solution used for e-cigarettes) and aerosols.We report here determination of arsenic species in e-liquids and aerosols generated from vaping the e-liquid.Seventeen e-liquid samples of major brands,purchased from local and online stores in Canada and China,were analyzed for arsenic species using high-performance liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Aerosols condensed from vaping the eliquids were also analyzed and compared for arsenic species.Six arsenic species were detected,including inorganic arsenate(iAs~Ⅴ),arsenite(iAs~Ⅲ),monomethylarsonic acid(MMA),and three new arsenic species not reported previously.In e-liquids,iAs~Ⅲ was detected in 59%,iAs~Ⅴ in 94%,and MMA in 47% of the samples.In the condensate of aerosols from vaping the e-liquids,iAs~Ⅲ was detected in 100%,iAsv in 88%,and MMA in 13% of the samples.Inorganic arsenic species were predominant in e-liquids and aerosols of e-cigarettes.The concentration of iAs~Ⅲ in the condensate of aerosols(median 3.27 μg/kg) was significantly higher than that in the e-liquid(median 1.08 μg/kg) samples.The concentration of inorganic arsenic in the vaping air was approximately 3.4 μg/m~3,which approaches to the permissible exposure limit(10 μg/m~3) set by the United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration(OSHA).According to the Environmental Protection Agency's unit risk factor(4.3 × 10~(-3) per μg/m~3) for inhalation exposure to inorganic arsenic in the air,the estimated excess lung cancer risk from lifetime exposure to inorganic arsenic in the ecigarette vaping air(3.4 μg/m~3),assuming e-cigarette vaping at 1% of the time,is as high as1.5 × 10~(-4).These results raise health concerns over the exposure to arsenic from electronic cigarettes. 相似文献
76.
Pengjun Xu Bu Tao Zhiqiang Ye Hu Zhao Yue Ren Ting Zhang Yeru Huang Jiping Chen 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(10):102-111
The concentrations of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) were measured in 23 farmland soil samples and 10 riverine sediment samples from Guiyu, China, and the carcinogenic risks associated with PAHs in the samples were evaluated. Guiyu is the largest electronic waste(EW) dismantling area globally, and has been well known for the primitive and crude manner in which EWs are disposed, such as by open burning and roasting. The total PAH concentrations were 56–567 ng/g in the soils and 181–3034 ng/g in the sediments.The Shanglian and Huamei districts were found to be more contaminated with PAHs than the north of Guiyu. The soils were relatively weakly contaminated but the sediments were more contaminated, and sediments in some river sections might cause carcinogenic risks to the groundwater system. The PAHs in the soils were derived from combustion sources,but the PAHs in the sediments were derived from both combustion and petroleum sources. 相似文献
77.
78.
Takayoshi Ueno Toru Shiino Hiroshi Onishi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》1999,1(1):25-32
Life cycle assessment (LCA), a quantitative method for evaluating the total environmental impact of a product, from the materials
in its manufacture to its final disposal, is playing an increasingly important role in manufacturing. When the LCA method
is applied to a product containing many kinds of electronic components, there is a need for life cycle inventory (LCI) data
on the components. This paper provides an original calculation of the LCI data for each electronic components industry. These
data show the amount of input energy and emissions into the atmosphere per yen of production yield. It is demonstrated that
the magnitude of the LCI data for each industry is essentially equal to that of the other industries. Furthermore, we conclude
that the LCI data for all electronic components are roughly equivalent, making it possible to calculate the LCI data of any
electronic component by simply multiplying the LCI data for the industry by the price of the component. Furthermore, after
comparing the materials production stages with the component manufacturing stage in the calculation, it became clear that
for several component industries the materials production stage could not be omitted from the calculation.
Received: April 10, 1998 / Accepted: February 8, 1999 相似文献
79.
This research conducted on municipal solid waste management for the first time quantified food spoilage as being 8.8% weight of all officially collected household garbage in the Brazilian city under study. The unexpected size of this waste fraction gave rise to work on the causes of waste and on its distribution over the product life cycle specific to fruit and vegetables. Waste was defined as being the combination of losses and scraps. Administrative shortcomings were identified as basic reasons for waste. At the producer and consumer ends of the cycle, negligence was shown to be the single most important problem. Fruit and vegetables deteriorate during the operations of handling, transport, packaging, storage, selling and consumption. The study detailed the occurrence of waste at all of these stages. In the medium-size Brazilian city, the total waste of fruit and vegetables was shown to amount to 16.6% weight in the marketing stage of the life cycle. At the consumer level, it was measured as 3.4% weight of all household garbage. Specific reasons for this waste were identified at the levels of producer, wholesaler and retailer. Short-term remedies were pointed out that invariably corrected deficient management procedures. It was shown that very simple administrative measures can significantly reduce the spoilage of fruit and vegetables. Long-term strategies involve the creation of sample cases for administration of the fruit and vegetables life cycle at all stages. 相似文献
80.
刘辉 《环境与可持续发展》2015,(4)
本文对新修订的《生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准》(GB18485-2014)与《生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准》(GB18485-2001)及欧盟标准进行比较,从焚烧烟气排放标准、运行控制过程要求、渗滤液处理及排放要求等方面进行了分析,以此说明新标准的进步。 相似文献