聚合氯化铝污泥对磷的吸附动力学及热力学

聚合氯化铝污泥（polyaluminium chloride sludge,PACS）是指以聚合氯化铝（PAC）为混凝剂的城镇给水厂在生产过程中所产生的污泥。采用批量吸附实验考察了PACS对磷的吸附动力学及热力学行为。结果表明,吸附反应发生1 h后,PACS对磷的吸附量达到平衡吸附量的75%～90%,随后PACS对磷的...     

Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution using red loess as an adsorbent

The adsorption behaviors of heavy metals onto novel low-cost adsorbent, red loess, were investigated. Red loess was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectra. The results indicated that red loess mainly consisted of silicate, ferric and aluminum oxides. Solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial metal concentration, contact time and temperature significantly influenced the efficiency of heavy metals removal. The adsorption reached equilibrium at 4 hr, and the experimental equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir monolayer adsorption model. The adsorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) onto red loess was endothermic, while the adsorption of Pb(II) was exothermic. The maximum adsorption capacities of red loess for Pb(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) were estimated to be 113.6, 34.2 and 17.5 mg/g, respectively at 25°C and pH 6. The maximum removal efficiencies were 100% for Pb(II) at pH 7, 100% for Cu(II) at pH 8, and 80% for Zn(II) at pH 8. The used adsorbents were readily regenerated using dilute HC1 solution, indicating that red loess has a high reusability. All the above results demonstrated that red loess could be used as a possible alternative low-cost adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution.     

柠檬酸盐络合铜在污泥上的吸附

利用二沉池污泥进行吸附柠檬酸盐络合铜实验。研究了吸附动力学、热力学、液固比以及pH值对吸附的影响,同时对比污泥吸附前后FTIR光谱推测吸附主要基团。结果表明,吸附速率受多种机制共同影响;准二级动力学模型能较好地描述污泥吸附柠檬酸盐络合铜动力学数据;增加液固比,总铜去除率下降;偏酸性环境下污泥对络合铜吸附效果较优;吸附过程符合Langmuir等温模型;红外光谱特征分析表明,污泥含有的—OH、酰胺基、—COO-、硅酸盐物质可能是污泥吸附络合铜的主要活性基团。     

腐殖酸吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的对比实验研究

研究了未处理的腐殖酸(HA)和不溶性腐殖酸(IHA)对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附作用.进行了反应时间、pH值、IHA投加量、温度等对去除效率的影响研究,确定了两种吸附剂最佳反应条件,并通过对比实验,分析了两种吸附剂吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的特点.实验表明,HA达到最大吸附量时所需要的反应时间(180 min左右)远远高于IHiA的反应时间...     

模拟实验在四川炼油厂环境影响评价中的应用

为了研究拟建炼油厂表层土壤渗透情况及对特征污染物油的吸附和截留情况 ,实施了渗水实验 ,每隔30min测定一次渗水量 ,渗水实验时间为3h。还实施了土柱淋滤实验 ,土柱长度1.2m ,直径30cm ,装填高度1m ,土柱为五层 ,按层测定实验前后土壤中的含油量。实验结果表明 :预计事故排放及短时的含油污水泄漏 ,将不会对地下水环境质量造成大的影响。     

絮凝-树脂吸附法处理高色度邻硝基苯胺废水

采用絮凝－树脂吸附法处理高色度邻硝基苯胺废水,比较了不同絮凝剂的处理效果。试验结果表明,用硫酸铝作絮凝剂,以生石灰作助凝剂,加入少量高分子絮凝剂进行絮凝沉降处理,然后用ＣＨＡ－１０１树脂进行吸附处理,处理后废水色度由≥１６０００倍降至４０倍以下,ＣＯＤ由≥５０００ｍｇ／Ｌ降至≤８０ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＰＨ６～７。     

用改性赤泥吸附废水中的六价铬

用国内烧结法产生的赤泥作主要原料,以氯化铁为改性剂制得改性赤泥,用其吸附含铬废水中的重铬酸根阴离子。当废水中六价铬的质量浓度为80mg／L时,在环境温度为30℃、改性赤泥投加量为10g／L、pH为2左右的酸性环境中,2h达到吸附平衡,去除率可达96．18％。并且利用Langmuir等温式和Freundlich等温式对其吸附机理进行了探讨,结果表明,氯化铁改性赤泥对重铬酸根阴离子的吸附是通过物理吸附和化学吸附的协同作用来进行的。     

Removal of Cd2+ from water by Friedel’s salt (FS: 3CaO.Al2O3·CaCl2·10H2O): Sorption characteristics and mechanisms

The development of low-cost and efficient new mineral adsorbents has been a hot topic in recent years. In this study, Friedel’s salt (FS:3CaO·A12O3 ·CaCl2 ·10H2O), a hexagonal layered inorganic absorbent, was synthesized to remove Cd2+ from water. The adsorption process was simulated by Langmuir and Freundlich models. The adsorption mechanism was further analyzed with TEM, XRD, FT-IR analysis and monitoring of metal cations released and solution pH variation. The results indicated the adsorbent FS had an outstanding ability for Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of the FS for Cd(Ⅱ) removal can reach up to 671.14 mg/g. The nearly equal numbers of Cd2+ adsorbed and Ca2+ released demonstrated that ion-exchange (both surface and inner) of the FS for Cd(Ⅱ) played an important role during the adsorption process. Furthermore, the surface of the FS after adsorption was microscopically disintegrated while the inner lamellar structure was almost unchanged. The behavior of Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption by FS was significantly affected by surface reactions. The mechanisms of Cd2+ adsorption by the FS mainly included surface complexation and surface precipitation. In the present study, the adsorption process was fitted better by the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.9999) than the Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0.8122). Finally, due to the high capacity for ion-exchange on the FS surface, FS is a promising layered inorganic adsorbent for the removal of Cd(Ⅱ) from water.     

预处理后生物成因施氏矿物的矿物学特征及对As(Ⅲ)吸附的影响

生物成因施氏矿物虽然在吸附As(Ⅲ)能力上表现出较其它吸附剂更为优越的吸附性能,但其制备过程中细菌分泌的多糖类物质使得矿物颗粒间存在明显的团聚现象.本研究通过比较不同预处理方法对施氏矿物矿物学特征及吸附性能的影响,寻求一种最佳的矿物预处理方法,以期进一步改善矿物颗粒团聚现象和提高对As(Ⅲ)吸附能力.采用NaOH、NaCl、200℃灼烧及乙醇-超声方法对施氏矿物进行预处理,结果表明,处理后矿物的矿相均未发生变化,但其理化性质随处理方式的不同差异较大,矿物比表面积、Fe/S摩尔比、SEM图谱、As(Ⅲ)吸附性能与原始矿物相比均发生了明显的变化.经pH 12NaOH处理后矿物的吸附性能最佳,在室温下最大吸附量从原来的101.9 mg.g-1增加到143.3 mg.g-1,比表面积从原来的45.63 m2.g-1增加到325.18 m2.g-1,矿物干燥时团聚现象明显减弱.     

Charging behavior of glass beads using a spiral air type tribocharging apparatus that utilizes a Faraday cup

This paper introduces a novel tribocharging apparatus that utilizes a Faraday cup and experimentally investigates the charging behavior of glass beads. The novel apparatus mainly consists of four parts: an air supply part to control air duration and pressure, a powder supply part for setting the desired amount of powder (1 g in this experiment), a metal pipeline for generating a tribocharge, and a cyclone for collecting the powder that has passed through the pipeline. Four different sizes of spherical glass beads were used in this experiment. As for the results, the charge clearly increased as the glass bead particles passed through the pipeline for all four types of glass beads. The charge amount of the glass beads and the charge amount obtained from the pipeline had a very similar trend and absolute values. This confirmed the reliability of the test and showed that there was no disturbance due to external noise. In all of the tests, the net charge was observed to be negative for all glass beads. This agrees with the triboelectric series relating to the work functions of metals and glass particles. Smaller particles had larger charge amounts than did larger ones with good reproducibility. The charge amount of all glass beads increased as the supplied spiral air pressure increased.