Gaseous elemental mercury concentration in atmosphere at urban and remote sites in China

An investigation of gaseous elemental mercury concentration in atmosphere was conducted at Beijing and Guangzhou urban, Yangtze Delta regional sites and China Global Atmosphere Watch Baseline Observatory (CGAWBO) in Mt. Waliguan of remote continental area of China. High temporal resolved data were obtained using automated mercury analyzer RA-915 . Results showed that the overall hourly mean Hg0 concentrations in Mt. Waliguan were 1.7± 1.1 ng/m3 in summer and 0.6±0.08 ng/m3 in winter. The concentration in Yangtze Delta regional site was 5.4±4.1 ng/m3, which was much higher than those in Waliguan continental background area and also higher than that found in North America and Europe rural areas. In Beijing urban area the overall hourly mean Hg0 concentrations were 8.3±3.6 ng/m3 in winter, 6.5±5.2 ng/m3 in spring, 4.9±3.3 ng/m3 in summer, and 6.7±3.5 ng/m3 in autumn, respectively, and the concentration was 13.5±7.1 ng/m3 in Guangzhou site. The mean concentration reached the lowest value at 14:00 and the highest at 02:00 or 20:00 in all monitoring campaigns in Beijing and Guangzhou urban areas, which contrasted with the results measured in Yangtze Delta regional site and Mt. Waliguan. The features of concentration and diurnal variation of Hg0 in Beijing and Guangzhou implied the importance of local anthropogenic sources in contributing to the high Hg0 concentration in urban areas of China. Contrary seasonal variation patterns of Hg0 concentration were found between urban and remote sites. In Beijing the highest Hg0concentration was in winter and the lowest in summer, while in Mt. Waliguan the Hg0 concentration in summer was higher than that in winter. These indicated that different processes and factors controlled Hg0 concentration in urban, regional and remote areas.     

邻单胞菌L1对氯代苯的降解特性的研究

从某化工厂废水处理厂活性污泥中分离得到一株能以氯苯为唯一碳源的细菌,革兰氏阴性杆菌,兼性厌氧,初步鉴定为邻单胞菌属（Plesiomonas）。该菌在有氧情况下18天内对氯苯的降解率为50％,在厌氧条件下18天内对氯苯的降解率为37.2％。不同底物试验结果表明,该菌还能利用间氯酚、TCP、2,4-D等二氯、三氯化合物,此外不经诱导抗汞能力达15mg/L。细胞抽提物开环酶分析,L1菌株在好氧条件下拥有一条被氯苯诱导的邻位裂解途径     

三峡库区典型农田小流域土壤汞的空间分布特征

为了解三峡库区农田流域汞污染现状及其生态风险,以三峡库区腹心地带的涪陵王家沟典型农田小流域为调查对象,基于Arc GIS地统计模块研究流域内不同土地利用类型(旱地、田地、林地和居民点)土壤汞(Hg)含量及其分布特征,并对其汞污染程度和生态风险进行评价.结果表明,流域内土壤Hg含量范围为9.47~94.57μg·kg-1,均值为(34.23±16.23)μg·kg-1,不同土地类型表层土壤Hg含量高低顺序为林地、田地、居民点、旱地;表层土壤出现明显汞累积现象,土壤Hg含量变化与土壤深度呈极显著负相关关系.地统计分析结果表明,流域土壤中的汞呈现出较弱的空间相关性,说明流域内土壤汞的空间分布主要受大气干湿沉降、植被覆盖和地形等自然因素影响,人为等外源干扰影响弱.流域土壤总体上虽未表现出明显的汞污染现象(污染指数为-0.08),但具有中度的汞潜在生态风险(生态风险指数为57),其中以林地较为严重.流域土壤汞承载量约为25.39 kg,旱地约占69%.     

三峡库区内陆腹地典型水库型湖泊中DOM吸收光谱特征

溶解性有机质(DOM)是湖泊生态系统重要组成部分,其性质和结构决定了其在污染物(例如汞)环境行为中扮演着重要角色.本研究选取三峡库区内陆腹地典型水库型湖泊——长寿湖,采用吸收光谱表征方法,通过1年时间对DOM地球化学变化规律进行了定性定量分析,并结合汞观测数据,讨论了DOM对不同形态汞浓度的影响.结果表明,和1月相比,长寿湖4~11月DOC差异性低于CDOM,4~11月间差异性不显著.有色组分变化是解释DOM季节性变化的重要原因.DOM中主要生色团仍然来自于大分子量的芳香性组分.而CDOM三波长模型可较好对DOC的年际观测进行反演.同时,SUVA254和S275~295季节性变化特征较明显,1月芳香性和分子量均最小,4月上升.与其他类型湖泊相比,长寿湖水体DOM芳香性和分子量大小均低于森林湖泊,但高于高原湖泊.周边生态系统和土地利用类型对湖泊DOM差异影响明显.另外,SUVA254和DOC与各形态Hg无明显相关性,但水体生色组分和分子量大小是控制溶解态和活性汞的重要因素;而湖区甲基汞变化可能与湖泊初级生产力导致的有机质富集和迁移关系密切.     

Absorption characteristics of elemental mercury in mercury chloride solutions

Elemental mercury （Hg^0） in flue gases can be efficiently captured by mercury chloride （HgCl2） solution. However, the absorption behaviors and the influencing effects are still poorly understood. The mechanism of Hg^0 absorption by HgCl2 and the factors that control the removal were studied in this paper. It was found that when the mole ratio of Cl^- to HgCl2 is 10：1, the Hg^0 removal efficiency is the highest. Among the main mercury chloride species, HgCl3^- is the most efficient ion for Hg^0 removal in the HgCl2 absorption system when moderate concentrations of chloride ions exist. The Hg^0 absorption reactions in the aqueous phase were investigated computationaIIy using Moller-Plesset perturbation theory. The calculated Gibbs free energies and energy barriers are in excellent agreement with the results obtained from experiments. In the presence of SO3^2- and SO2, Hg^2＋ reduction occurred and Hg^0 removal efficiency decreased. The reduced Hg^0 removal can be controlled through increased chloride concentration to some degree. Low pH value in HgCla solution enhanced the Hg^0 removal efficiency, and the effect was more significant in dilute HgCl2 solutions. The presence of SO4^2- and NO3^- did not affect Hg^0 removal by HgCl2.     

贵州省务川汞矿区汞污染的初步研究

对贵州省务川汞矿区的大气、地表水和土壤中汞污染的调查表明,务川汞矿区大气汞浓度为7-40000 ng·m-3,超出正常大气汞浓度1-4个数量级.地表水总汞为43-2100 ng·l-1,远高于对照区(15-29 ng·l-1);活性汞、溶解态汞和颗粒态汞含量也显著高于对照区,颗粒态汞是地表水汞迁移的主要方式.土壤总汞含量为1.3-360 mg·kg-1,远高于对照区土壤总汞含量(O.22-0.39 mg·kg-1),土壤剖面汞含量的垂向递减反映了大气汞的沉降是土壤汞的重要来源之一;同一地点不同土地利用类型的土壤,一般为稻田总汞含量高于菜地和玉米地;土壤pH值和有机质影响着土壤中汞的迁移和富集.     

无汞盐化学需氧量测定方法研究

本法基于可定量测定K_2Cr_2O_7和Cl~-的反应产物C~2这一原理,在用吸收装置吸收Cl_2后,用碘量法测定余氯。试验结果表明,本法有较高的准确度和精密度。     

Potential application of 2-(6-ethylamino-3-ethylimino-2,7-dimethyl-3H-xanthen-9-yl) benzoic acid phenyl thiourea for mercury determination

Heavy metal contamination of the environment is a public health problem and research to develop new tools for monitoring the environmental impact of these elements is necessary. This study describes the preparation of a rhodamine-based probe 1 and its potential applications for detecting mercuric ion [Hg(II)] in samples from a nutrition media containing Salvinia auriculata. It was observed that an excess of probe 1 led to quenching in the fluorescence/absorption response, which was evidenced by a decrease in the signal when the stoichiometry differed from 1:1. Consequently, this probe is not suitable for quantitative analysis of Hg(II). Also, probe 1 reacts with methylmercury (MeHg) with different stoichiometry than that observed for Hg(II). These results indicate the potential application of probe 1 for qualitative detection of Hg(II) and MeHg in environmental samples.     

Regulation of autophagy in rat hepatocytes treated in vitro with low concentration of mercury

Several proteins are implicated in the regulation of autophagy in cells under various physiological and pathological conditions. Recently it was found that in vitro initiation of autophagy in 5 μM mercuric chloride (HgCl₂) treated rat hepatocytes occurred within 30 min of incubation. The aim of this study was to monitor the autophagy–ubiquitination link to determine the regulatory mechanisms underlying autophagy at a concentration of 5 μM HgCl₂. Autophagic cell death was evidenced by the presence of LC3B positive hepatocytes throughout the incubation period of 4 hr. Autophagosome maturation occurred following 1 hr of metal treatment accompanied by an enhanced expression of several regulatory proteins such as p62, Keap1, and caspase-8, which drive the hepatocytes toward autophagy. In addition, the rate of increase in down-regulation in a p38 expression was significantly higher than that of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) at 1 hr incubation, followed by a significant decline in the p38 level at 2 and 4 hr following metal treatment. In contrast, the expression of ERK remained higher than that of p38 at 2 and 4 hr. Data indicate that intracellular activation of the major regulatory proteins such as LC3B, caspase-8, Keap1, p62, ERK, and p38 modulates autophagy through ubiquitination in rat hepatocytes exposed to low concentrations of Hg.     

改性SCR催化剂对燃煤电厂烟气中汞的催化氧化研究进展

针对燃煤电厂烟气中的单质汞(Hg ⁰)氧化技术,综述了改性SCR(选择性催化还原法)催化剂对Hg ⁰催化氧化的研究进展,着重阐述了金属氧化物及氯化物掺杂对改性SCR催化剂催化氧化Hg ⁰性能的影响;探讨了改性物质、掺杂比、烟气组分、温度等对各改性SCR催化剂催化氧化Hg ⁰性能的影响;从掺杂元素和烟气气氛两方面综合分析了改性SCR催化剂催化氧化Hg ⁰的异相反应机理。结合目前研究中存在的问题,提出改性SCR催化剂今后的研究方向,并对试验手段提出建议。